does xylitol cause cancer

People with diabetes sometimes use xylitol as a sugar substitute. Makinen KK. Its a crystalline alcohol and a derivative of xylose a crystalline aldose sugar that is not digestible by the bacteria in our digestive systems. It's a sugar alcohol, which is a low-digestible carbohydrate that resists being fully broken down by bacteria in the digestive system It has been reported that xylitol can raise blood glucose levels, which suggests that diabetics shouldn't consume it. Xylitol breaks down bacterial biofilms and inhibits bacteria from sticking to the gums . Nutrients 2021;13(1):174. There is some concern that extremely high doses for long periods of time (more than three years) can cause tumors. However, mechanistic studies (studies that examine how a substance works in the body) have shown that the ways in which saccharin causes cancer in rats do not apply in humans, and in 2000 it was removed from the list (for more information on the delisting of saccharin, see the Report on Carcinogens, Fifteenth Edition). Sugarless gum may contain xylitol, a class of sweetener known as sugar alcohol. Epub 2014 Apr 24. This can help prevent dental cavities and inflammatory gum diseases. It may be an effective defense, Drinking hot water is a great way to stay hydrated, and it might have extra health benefits. Higgins KA, Mattes RD. Ballini A, Cantore S, Signorini L, et al. View abstract. Xylitol is a sugar-free sweetener added to some foods. Potential xylitol benefits including aiding in oral health, since some research shows it does have the ability to prevent cavities. Some types of gum or oral care products, such as toothpaste and mouthwash, also contain xylitol. Data suggest that more than ten grams of xylitol sweetener daily can cause these GI symptoms. In the words of a frequently cited review in the journalCaries Research,There is no evidence for a caries-therapeutic effect of xylitol,which makes us wonder what side of the coin to believe. Neotame and advantame are derived from aspartame. Xylitol is generally well tolerated, but some people experience digestive side effects when they consume too much. Xylitol is safe in the amounts found in foods. Advisory Group recommendations on priorities for the IARC Monographs. More studies are needed to confirm its effectiveness for this and other uses. Learn how we can help. The amount tolerated varies with individual susceptibility and body weight. Laryngoscope 2011;121:2468-72. Also, a study by Shafer found that . While these bacteria cannot use xylitol for fuel, they still ingest it. The key lies in understanding what xylitol is. Before looking at the "evidence" that xylitol causes tumors, let's look at this first. Xylitol may cause digestive upset in some people, but high doses are well tolerated by others. Fights the Bacterial Infection Candida Albicans. The FDAs goal was to raise awareness for pet owners in hopes of them being more careful about exposing their pets to xylitol products like chewing gum, candies and toothpaste. The CDC reports that a change in your skin is the most common sign. Role of Glutathione in Cancer: From Mechanisms to Therapies. Smart Grocery Shopping When You Have Diabetes, Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Dogs and Cats, Bird Flu Deaths Prompt U.S. to Test Vaccine in Poultry, COVID Treatment in Development Appears Promising, Marriage May Help Keep Your Blood Sugar in Check, Getting Outdoors Might Help You Take Fewer Meds, New Book: Take Control of Your Heart Disease Risk, MINOCA: The Heart Attack You Didnt See Coming, Health News and Information, Delivered to Your Inbox, Video: Why You Need Zinc and Where to Find It. On Xylitol.org the page sates, "In the amounts needed to prevent tooth decay (less than 15 grams per day), xylitol is safe for everyone." 15 grams of xylitol is about 0.5 ounces. At this point, there is no research proving that the process used to create xylitol is harmful, but there are known concerns regarding consumption of hydrogenated foods and also nickel. Though it is declared safe for pregnant and lactating women, it is best to consult with your gynecologist before consuming NNS. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. The site is secure. It Can Cause Diarrhea All sugar alcohols can have a laxative effect in sufficient quantities, and xylitol isn't the worst culprit. Besides how they affect the gut, the repeated consumption of sugar alcohols are also linked to a higher risk of cancer on several other fronts. Does Xylitol Cause Cancer? First of all, substances such as erythritol and xylitol are created using mostly waste products and GMO substances. Single-stomach animals are unable to properly metabolize xylose. Anaphylaxis to xylitol diagnosed by skin prick test and basophil activation test. 2022 May 11;14(10):2023. doi: 10.3390/nu14102023. Xylitol may also have detrimental effects on liver function in dogs, with high doses causing liver failure (27). Xylitol serves many important functions for oral and general health. Simes Moraes R, Modesto A, Regina Netto Dos Santos K, Drake D. The effect of 1% chlorhexidine varnish and 40% xylitol solution on Streptococcus mutans and plaque accumulation in children. In the case of permitted digital reproduction, please credit the National Cancer Institute as the source and link to the original NCI product using the original product's title; e.g., Artificial Sweeteners and Cancer was originally published by the National Cancer Institute.. [13] Anticancer Potential Due to its high levels of fructose, it can also lead to insulin resistance and multiple metabolic problems when consumed in excess (3, 4). Xylitol can cause diarrhea and intestinal gas. Does xylitol have calories? Xylitol is considered a sugar alcohol because it has a chemical structure thats similar to both sugars and alcohol, but its technically neither of these in the way we usually think of them. It's also used to treat dry mouth by helping you make more saliva. Soderling E, Isokangas P, Pienihakkinen K, Tenovuo J. The Best Supplements for Healthy Digestion, How to Get the Protective Power of Vitamin K. If you take large amounts of xylitol, such as 30 to 40 grams, you may experience diarrhea or gas. Makinen KK. However, your body seems to adjust very well to xylitol. As a result, those who have issues in this area should avoid it for that reason alone. The link between sugar alcohols and cancer. Tell your doctor about any you're taking, even if they're natural. Effectiveness of xylitol in reducing dental caries in children. This article is based on scientific evidence, written by experts and fact checked by our trained editorial staff. In that case, I feel like I wouldn't recommend sugar . Those taking xylitol reported bloating, gas, upset stomach and diarrhea. Such studies have not found evidence linking artificially sweetened beverage consumption with cancer in people (2, 3). View abstract. Its in fact a type of low-digestible carbohydrate that includes fiber. This Dr. Axe content is medically reviewed or fact checked to ensure factually accurate information. How much xylitol appears to be safe to ingest? Xylitol is a natural sugar alcohol found in plants, including many fruits and vegetables. Azarpazhooh A, Limeback H, Lawrence HP, Shah PS. Note that the numbers in parentheses (1, 2, etc.) Is Garcinia Cambogia Safe for Weight Loss? View abstract. In one study, people consumed an average of 3.3 pounds (1.5 kg) of xylitol per month with a maximum daily intake of over 30 tablespoons (400 grams) without any negative effects (29). ", Food Insight: "Background on Carbohydrates & Sugars," "Sugar Alcohols Fact Sheet. This structure is non-fermentable to bacteria, which is one reason it can prevent cavities. Erythritol: Is This Healthy Sweetener the Real Deal? In one study, participants consumed an average of 3.3 lbs (1.5 kg) of xylitol per month with no negative side effects. Many dentists recommend using xylitol-sweetened chewing gum and for good reason. Cancer and cancer treatment can affect your bowels and cause diarrhea or constipation. Artificial sweeteners and cancer risk: Results from the NutriNet-Sant population-based cohort study. No data is available to prove its carcinogenic effect. J Dent Res 2000;79:882-7. Xylitol for preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age. The presence of these unabsorbed sugars in the gut also attracts water, and this may cause loose stools or diarrhea. JAMA Network Open 2022; 5(3):e222092. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. J Cyst Fibros 2020;19(1):108-13. This can cause low blood sugar levels and liver damage. Our team includes licensed nutritionists and dietitians, certified health education specialists, as well as certified strength and conditioning specialists, personal trainers and corrective exercise specialists. Caries preventive effects of xylitol-based candies and lozenges: a systematic review. Xylitol tastes sweet but, unlike sugar,. For many people xylitol doesnt cause these negative effects. But which is the better option? Current Gastroenterology Reports 2017; 19(12):64. Below are some of the reasons that sugar alcohols like xylitol are not recommended by some experts for human consumption: Sugar alcohols are notorious for triggering GI issues because they pull water into your intestine and also get fermented by gut bacteria. View abstract. If you are a dog owner, be aware that xylitol can be toxic to dogs, even in small amounts. Agave is even worse. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. are clickable links to these studies. Ann Pharmacother 2000;34:98-100. Nonfluoride caries-preventive agents: executive summary of evidence-based clinical recommendations. What happens is people who consume sweeteners habitually become desensitized to sweetness so much so that unsweetened, healthy foods become unappetizing. Diabetes Care 1988;11:174-82. Disclaimer. Riley P, Moore D, Ahmed F, Sharif MO, Worthington HV. While all of the other sweeteners listed above are actually several times sweeter than table sugar, sugar alcohols are slightly less sweet. For this reason, sugar-free sweeteners like xylitol are becoming popular. All five of these potentially harmful ingredients can be found in many Palmolive soaps as well as other soaps like Dawn, Ajax, Meyers, Legacy . You can use the study as a second opinion to make health care decisions. Unlike sugar, xylitol has negligible effects on blood sugar and insulin levels. View abstract. Yet, just because something is natural doesnt mean that it is good for you. Interesting, there are conflicting reports, and we cannot jump to the conclusion that xylitol is completely effective at keeping cavities at bay. Sugar Alcohols (sorbitol, xylitol, lactitol, mannitol, erythritol, maltitol) These are not classified as low-calorie sweeteners, but they have slightly fewer calories than table sugar. Dogs that ingest doses of >0.1 g/kg of xylitol are at Your doctor can sometimes predict if your treatment is likely to cause nausea. Several studies suggest that it has various important benefits, including improved dental health. It is also unclear whether xylitol acts on cancer suppression in vivo as well as in vitro. For example, benefits of xylitol include both oral and dental health, but it can also trigger digestive issues including diarrhea. Some studies in rats link xylitol to increased production of collagen, which may help counteract the effects of aging on your skin (22, 23). Xylitol is a sugar alcohol with a unique five-carbon structure. In humans, xylitol does not stimulate the release of insulin, but in dogs, Xylitol is absorbed very quickly and causes potent stimulation of insulin release which then leads to a rapid drop in blood sugar (hypoglycaemia). In addition to gum, xylitol can be found in some hard candies, chocolate, table syrup, jams, jellies, baked goods, cough syrup, vitamins, some nut butters, over-the-counter medications and many others. For those with temporomandibular joint dysfunction and who have difficulty in chewing, xylitol candy should be used instead of chewing gum. Note that the numbers in parentheses (1, 2, etc.) Erythritol is a sugar alcohol, and it's used as a replacement for sugar. Why is xylitol dangerous for dogs? In fact, the dental community is one of its biggest supports of xylitol because of its reported ability to prevent cavities. As neither contain any actual sugar, theyre helpful alternatives for people who have to monitor their sugar intake, such as people with diabetes or, Eating lots of sugar is a surefire way to raise your risk of many different diseases. BMJ 1996;313:1180-4. Epub 2018 Aug 24. The main difference is that xylitol does contain some calories (its not zero-calorie like erythritol), but less than sugar. View abstract. If youre concerned about its negative effects, you may want to use other natural sweeteners like stevia, raw honey, dates, coconut nectar, coconut sugar and maple syrup. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Carcinogens are substances that cause cancer by altering the deoxyribonucleic acid within the cells of the body, and it disrupt biological processes. If you need to take over-the-counter medication, plenty of choices are available. Animal studies indicate impressive benefits for metabolic health. Medications and other treatments may help you prevent or decrease nausea. View abstract. High doses of Xylitol can also cause irreversible liver damage. ", Canadian Diabetes Association: "Sweeteners.". This amount could be easily consumed unknowingly due to its vast . This site needs JavaScript to work properly. These side effects can affect anyone, but small children and people with gastrointestinal . View abstract. It is found in a variety of plants, including corn, birch, and beech trees. Marghalani AA, Guinto E, Phan M, Dhar V, Tinanoff. What Is Taurine? This appears to be widely held by most health care professionals and dentists. 3. Regular use by mothers reduces the transmission of Streptococcus . Sorbitol compared with xylitol in prevention of dental caries. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Association of low- and no-calorie sweetened beverages as a replacement for sugar-sweetened beverages with body weight and cardiometabolic risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Erythritol is now one of the most popular natural zero-calorie sweeteners available. and transmitted securely. Xylitol's effects on the human body have been studied for decades, and no evidence exists that xylitol causes cancer. Berry C, Brusick D, Cohen SM, et al. Low glucose and metformin-induced apoptosis of human ovarian cancer cells is connected to ASK1 via mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated pathways. Pearlman M, Obert J, Casey L. The association between artificial sweeteners and obesity. Antonio AG, Pierro VS, Maia LC. Xylitol is a sugar-free sweetener added to some foods. Laboratory studies have also linked saccharin at high doses with the development of bladder cancer in rats, and in 1981 saccharin was listed in the US National Toxicology Programs Report on Carcinogens as a substance reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. How so? What Are Sugar Alcohols, and Are They a Healthy Sugar Swap? Dogs who become hypoglycemic after eating xylitol will need dextrose supplementation in a vet hospital for 12 to 24 hours, sometimes longer. For most people, the maximum "safe" dose of xylitol that doesn't cause diarrhea is approximately 0.35 grams per kilogram of body weight (that's about 24 grams or approximately 2 tablespoons for a 150-pound . View abstract. Xylitol may inhibit the growth of bacteria that causes ear and nasal infections. 5 Reasons to Add Lamb Meat to Your Diet, St. Johns Wort Benefits for Depression, PMS & Menopause. Identification of a novel component leading to anti-tumor activity besides the major ingredient cordycepin in Cordyceps militaris extract. In addition to keeping gum with xylitol away from pets, be sure to read your pets food labels, and never feed pets your table scraps if they have xylitol in them. Specifically, it is a skin irritant and there are risks for asthma/respiratory issues and cancer. Xylitol administered only during respiratory infections failed to prevent acute otitis media. It has been studied extensively and is generally considered safe for human consumption. This fast release of insulin results in a quick decrease in the level of blood sugar (hypoglycemia), an effect that occurs within 1060 minutes of eating the xylitol. The sugar replacement appears to keep Streptococcus pneumoniae from attaching to tissue and building colonies. Xylitol also fights the yeast Candida albicans, which can lead to candida infections. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Although it has less of an impact than cane sugar, it has been reported that sugar alcohols can raise blood glucose levels, which suggests that diabetics shouldnt consume it. In one study, xylitol-sweetened chewing gum reduced levels of bad bacteria by 2775%, while friendly bacteria levels remained constant (13). However, xylitol contains zero fructose and has negligible effects on blood sugar and insulin (2, 5). What Are the Benefits of Drinking Hot Water? Artificial sweeteners, also called sugar substitutes, nonnutritive sweeteners, or high-intensity sweeteners, are chemically synthesized substances that are used instead of sucrose (table sugar) to sweeten foods and beverages. Sucrose (white sugar, table sugar, cane syrup, maple syrup) Maltose (brown rice syrup) Stevia. It can be classified as a polyalcohol and a sugar alcohol, specifically an alditol.The name derives from Ancient Greek: , xyl[on] 'wood', with . Xylitol is a sugar alcohol that is often used as a sugar substitute in sugar-free products. However, these studies can provide important insights that can then be investigated in additional studies that can give more definitive answers. It is an alcohol basically and if the alcohol is not digested, it can lead to gastric and diarrhea. Silva CFFSD, Silva FERD, Pauna HF, Hurtado JGGM, Santos MC. It is a colorless or white crystalline solid that is freely soluble in water. Xylitol poisoning is relatively unheard of in humans, and even when xylitol harmful effects occur they are generally minimal for most people. Chronic acid reflux is a serious problem that can lead to cancer of the esophagus and larynx. Is xylitol or stevia better? Development of a purification process via crystallization of xylitol produced for bioprocess using a hemicellulosic hydrolysate from the cashew apple bagasse as feedstock. This can help prevent dental cavities and inflammatory gum diseases. Various studies have shown that Erythritol does not possess carcinogenic or non-carcinogenic. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database: "Xylitol. Symptom assessment after nasal irrigation with xylitol in the postoperative period of endonasal endoscopic surgery. Xylitol-sweetened gum can reduce ear infections in children and combat candida yeast infections. When you put xylitol in the system, SARS COV2 virus tries to occupy that space that D-xylose is. In contrast, a study published by the American Association for Cancer Research shows how researchers found that lab rats with pre-existing tumors experienced significantly less tumor growth when given a 10% IV solution of xylitol as opposed to that of regular table sugar. CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. View abstract. Of greater benefit, SCFA can help decrease the risk for colon cancer. Accessibility In addition to. Xylitol has a similar sweetness as regular sugar but contains 40% fewer calories: Store-bought xylitol appears as a white, crystalline powder. The results of these human studies contributed to the delisting of saccharin from the Report on Carcinogens. For professional medical information on natural medicines, see Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Professional Version. With M. Regina Castro, M.D. Rethman MP, Beltrn-Aguilar ED, Billings RJ, et al. View abstract. The FDA has approved xylitol as a food additive or sweetener. Xylitol can cause gastrointestinal issues. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help When non-primate species consume this substance, its absorbed into the bloodstream quickly and releases a potent amount of insulin from the pancreas. No: Examination of the nose by an ENT doctor does not increase your risk of cancer in any way. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2020;26(9):1704-10. Ann Pharmacother 2000;34:98-100. A toxic dose of xylitol for dogs is around 0.5 grams per 10 pounds of body weight. In humans, xylitol is absorbed slowly and has no measurable effect on insulin production. . 2018;29(4):445-449. 2019;68(1):130-131. This can lead to inflammatory gum diseases like gingivitis. It is a common ingredient in sugar-free chewing gums, candies, mints, diabetes-friendly foods and oral-care products. However, dont take OTC medications for diarrhea if your symptoms also include fever or blood in your stool. If you have irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or an intolerance to FODMAPs, be careful with sugar alcohols and consider avoiding them altogether. Amo, K. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, July 2011. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC. Though the word alcohol is part of its name, its not the same alcohol that makes you drunk. Because the body cannot digest this substance properly, the non-metabolized portion ferments and creates a favorable environment for harmful bacteria to colonize. government site. This makes it difficult to set a standard dose. Acute Hepatic Failure in a Dog after Xylitol Ingestion. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2020;5(4):613-620. That means just one piece of sugar-free gum could kill a small dog . Meyer-Gerspach AC, Drewe J, Verbeure W, et al. In 2001, an NIH consensus statement promoted the use of products containing . Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Key Point: Xylitol does not raise blood sugar levels, which gives it an advantage over sugar for better glycemic control. The EWG suggests that this chemical is of some concern. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2020:S1808-8694(20)30093-8. No other studies have examined whether acesulfame-K is associated with cancer in people. Related:Keto Sweeteners: What Are the Best vs. FDA: Paws Off Xylitol; It's Dangerous for Dogs. Xylitol is a naturally-occurring sugar alcohol that is commonly used as a sugar substitute in foods, but is also found in a variety of other products. Gastrointestinal Side Effects. Xylitol-containing products for preventing dental caries in children and adults. Pediatrics 2002;109:E19. It is created by eHealthMe based on reports of 232 people who have side effects when taking Xylitol from the FDA, and is updated regularly. While there were earlier studies suggesting a possible increased risk of brain tumors, lymphoma, and leukemia with aspartame, eventually the National Cancer Institute concluded those theories were incorrect and that the artificial sweetener does not increase cancer risk ( 32 ). However, a systematic review and meta-analysis of 17 randomized controlled trials in adults found that substituting low- and no-calorie sweetened beverages for sugar-sweetened beverages was associated with small improvements in body weight (10). In 2006, NCI researchers published an analysis of data from the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, which asked more than half a million US retirees to report their consumption of four aspartame-containing beverages during the past year on a questionnaire. Pediatr Dent 2017;39:103-110. As a sweetener, xylitol is an excellent choice. In fact, in some of the more inferior brands, what they advertise as stevia isnt even 100 percent stevia. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Lee B, Sue D. Xylitol for prevention of dental caries. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2013; 60:109115. The phase IV clinical study analyzes which people take Xylitol and have High blood pressure. Because mouth bacteria cant use xylitol as a source of energy, it may help prevent tooth decay (such as bacteria like Streptococcus mutans) and the buildup of plaque on your teeth. Six artificial sweeteners are approved as food additives by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA): saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame potassium (acesulfame-K, or Ace-K), sucralose, neotame, and advantame. . What is xylitol made from? Monkfruit extract (luo han go) Aspartame (Equal) Saccharin (Sweet'n . This ingredient doesnt contain any fructose and does not stimulate the release of insulin from the pancreas. Xylitol is a sugar alcohol that occurs naturally in some plants. Sahasakul Y, Angkhasirisap W, Lam-Ubol A, Aursalung A, Sano D, Takada K, Trachootham D. Nutrients. Its a sugar alcohol, which is a low-digestible carbohydrate that resists being fully broken down by bacteria in the digestive system. They're not pleasant. The .gov means its official. This can lead to a less healthy diet, avoiding foods that provide satiety and instead filling up on empty, unhealthy calories from sweetened products. Mouth bacteria can't use xylitol as a source of energy, so it may help prevent tooth decay and the buildup of plaque. However, it is increasingly found as an ingredient (additive) in more and more foods and health products. OTHER NAME(S): Birch Sugar, E967, Meso-Xylitol, Mso-Xylitol, Pen, Xylitol is a natural sugar alcohol found in plants, including many, Xylitol is available in many different types of products, including chewing gum, lozenges, mouth rinses, dental wipes, toothpastes, and, Smart Grocery Shopping When You Have Diabetes, Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Dogs and Cats, Bird Flu Deaths Prompt U.S. to Test Vaccine in Poultry, COVID Treatment in Development Appears Promising, Marriage May Help Keep Your Blood Sugar in Check, Getting Outdoors Might Help You Take Fewer Meds, New Book: Take Control of Your Heart Disease Risk, Getting Help for a Loved One With Psychosis: It's Complicated, Health News and Information, Delivered to Your Inbox, Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Ever since the 1950s, researchers have known that xylitol: ( 23) Cannot be properly metabolized by humans. Certain cancers and cancer treatments can cause nausea. Xylitol side effects also include constipation, gas, bloating, diarrhea, nausea, borborygmi, colic, increased bowel movements and weight gain. Research tells us that xylitol may be able to help prevent cavities because it cannot be metabolized by plaque bacteria, unlike other forms of sugar. August 2016. Med Hypotheses 2000;54:603-13. Xylitol is basically used for oral health. Whitehouse Station: Merck Research Laboratories, 1996. Although it has a sweet taste, which is why its used as a sugar substitute, it doesnt contain any cane/table sugar and also has fewer calories than traditional sweeteners. What have studies shown about possible associations between specific artificial sweeteners and cancer in people? Xylitol can contribute to acid reflux problems. However, the same cannot be said for dogs. But more research is needed. This article examines xylitol and its health effects. It should also be noted that although they share a similar name, sugar alcohol and alcoholic beverages do not share the same chemical. Raisins and grapes and chocolate are also a big problem for dogs, but most of us wouldn't even think about not eating chocolate. Xylitol is present in many products and foods for human use, but can have devastating effects on your pet. Most studies of the other five approved artificial sweeteners have provided no evidence that they cause cancer or other adverse health effects in lab animals. Because inflammation is at the root of many chronic diseases, reducing plaque and gum inflammation could have benefits for the rest of your body as well. Diabetics can even use it, as it has a glycemic index of seven, compared to regular sugars GI of 100. Those detailed dietary records allowed the researchers to estimate the total intake of all artificial sweeteners combined. Avoid higher doses. Translation, the virus that causes COVID-19 basically bounces off. Interactions. Liu Y, Wu D, Fu Q, Hao S, Gu Y, Zhao W, Chen S, Sheng F, Xu Y, Chen Z, Yao K. Int J Mol Sci. Loperamide and bismuth subsalicylate are the most common active ingredients in medications that help relieve diarrhea. One of the negative effects of added sugar and high-fructose corn syrup is that it can spike blood sugar and insulin levels. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011Nov 9;(11):CD007095.

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