Although three major tribes (Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo) have been selected as the main Nigerian languages, the need to avoid drowning the voices of the minority groups in the stream of the major groups is both glaring and necessary for peace to reign. His answer was that federalism a political system permitting a large . (2019) 'Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages'. By way of conclusion, it is imperative to know that the reason why Nigeria is still practicing federalism today is because the system seems to be suitable for our political value and culture. The database is updated daily, so anyone can easily find a relevant essay example. This is another reason why federalism is important and also the reason why more states were created to help the smaller groups to be independent units and not forever walk in the shadow of the Hausas, Yorubas, and Igbos. The British in their quest for economic wealth and geo-political edges over other Europeans in Africa made Nigeria the largest British colony in Africa. Federalism provides a structure that diffuses governmental power. This helped to solve the problem of marginalization in the leadership. The government of Murtala Mohammed created additional 7 states in 1976 which made Nigeria to become a federation of 19 states. Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government. Another reason why federalism is adopted by any country is that of its population. This is where the regional government steps in. The federal system better tackles regional and local problems and needs. Why indirect rule succeeded in Northern Nigeria, SEE REASONS HERE. ##### 483. At the same time, the accommodation of very diverse groups whose differences are fundamental rather than transient by giving them territorial power bases of their own has enhanced the ability of federal systems to function as vehicles of political integration while preserving democratic government. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Thus, from 1914 to 1946, 1963, 1967, 1976, 1987 and 1993 the Nigerian +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ On the other hand; a constitution is unitary when there are created by the law made by the central legislature and their existence depends upon the government to control, supervision of the central government. Present Nigeria was formed by the amalgamation of two regions which many see as a big influence in why federalism was later adopted by the British and later on by Nigerian leaders as at the time of independence. Over the course of the nation's history it is clear that there are many advantages to federalism. 4. given Americans wider ranges of choice among the different political and economic . Knowing who is responsible for specific issues can make it difficult for any aid to make it to its intended destination. Common national, racial, religious, cultural linguistic or social ties have often contributed to the unification of political unit. There are some states which pursue policies which frustrate national policy because they cause them to sacrifice some of their interests to local interests such as segregation. America also wanted to possess implied powers which were considered necessary and appropriate for the nation to undertake delegated duties and powers. 2.1 It Is An Effective Process. States also engage in economic competition which causes economic warfare amongst them. % Fourthly, there shall be the existence of court to interpret the constitution as it applies to cases and conflicts among the tiers of government. Federalism was basically introduced to bring about peace and unity in the different regions of the country. On the subject of policy innovation, Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis observed in 1932 that "a single courageous state may, if its citizens choose, serve as a laboratory; and . The fear of marginalization by the minority in a unitary system of government has, to a great extent, influenced the majority state support for federating states. Also see: Differences between Cross-offers and counter-offers, five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria. John Paden, George Mason University: Federalism in Nigeria. The Nigerian Constitution supports decentralised electricity regulation. 1. in or register, People must stay in compliance with the laws that are in every layer of governing. Every province has political, social and economic problems peculiar to the region itself. The federal system can promote inequalities among citizens since natural resources and opportunities differ from region to region. The first military head of state was dethroned for adopting unitary system of government yet successive military administration in practice follow unitary principle instead of federal system. The central government can sometimes overlook these differences and adopt policies which cater to the majority. Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. Political institutions, Kinship ties, Origin of towns and their cultural antecedents are enriched with similar history. November 23, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/. 6. In a unitary constitution which opposes federal principles, everything belongs to the central government; the federating unit does not exist, let alone agitating for resource control. Military administration does not apply the principle of federation. It is believed by many that this was one of the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federalist system. By the time Nigeria became a republic, the system of federalism was adopted and the country was considered as a federation of three regions. The fear of ethnic groups overlapping regional boundaries and the loyalties of castes cutting of some extent across provincial political boundaries also encourage some groups to support wider federal unions. This process is usually a healthy way to help keep households safe no matter where they are in the country. By the time Nigeria got her independence, the various party involved had been regionally based. house of representatives and the Senate). 3. Matters, enumerated in the exclusive list are selected for the federal authority, while matters that fall within the concurrent list are selected for the federal government, and the regions. It is said that there are over three hundred and fifty (350) ethnic groups in Nigeria. You are not allowed to sell the hair of a dog or cat in Delaware. Some choose to use a central system of government that regulates the entire country. This normally causes disintegration and internal conflicts among different states (Dye, 114). 1 What are the advantages of federalism in Nigeria? Because this structure of government looks at cooperation and sharing as its primary structure, there is an opportunity to try a different set of policies to see how they will work. Federalism therefore involves the linkage of individuals, groups and policies in lasting but limited union in such a way as to provide for the energetic pursuit of common goals while maintaining the respective integrities of all parties. Federalism promotes unity: the system provides a united national government deal in matters such as finance, defence, regulation of business and foreign affairs. Another important factor that necessitated federalism in Nigeria was the political culture of the country. Central Versus Provincial The states have now become the administrative units of the federal government. This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. Abacha regime, added more states making Nigeria a federation of 36 states and Federal capital Territory at Abuja. Federalism encourages a system of cooperation. Federalism was implemented in Nigeria as way back as 1946 during the British colonial era. Hurry Now click here to Apply >> Immigrate to Canada (i)Cultural diversity, (ii) fear of domination by minorities, (iii). Too many elected representatives with overlapping roles may also lead to corruption. Problems facing the legal profession in Nigeria, History of the legal profession in Nigeria, Problems of Local Government in Nigeria And Solutions, 5 important Characteristic of customary law, Sources of Nigerian Law: everything you need to know. When a government is closer to its citizens, then it can provide a responsive solution when there are citizen needs, emergency situations, or changes that are necessary in the structure of laws. Thats not to say that all actions are a disadvantage. Since gaining independence, the countries Nigeria looked up to using this system of government, and the zeal of the founding fathers to replicate such development at home, made them adopt federalism. May 7, 2015. Many forms of federalism look to create checks and balances throughout society as a way to create an equal governing process. 2 Top 5 Advantages Of Federalism. For the United States, it is the wage and wealth gaps to consider. Insecurity and the desire for union are the main reasons for the shift from unitary system of government to federal system of government in 1954. Written constitution are mostly rigid, with cumbersome amendment procedure, which leads to the problem of how to easily amend it to make it suit changing needs and time. I love this article,very educating and interesting Some of these powers include: power to declare war, coin money, raise navy and armies and govern the Indian tribes (Elazar, 138). Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government. IvyPanda. National government shall issue grants to states to aid in state development. Several positive and negative attributes of federalism have manifested themselves in the U.S. political system. Federalism can encourage the passing of ridiculous laws. Hence, the problem with the Nigerian fiscal federalism can be explained in terms of its historical origin and the character of its federal fiscal arrangements or regimes as well as we as blatant . It is important to also reason that small states are prone to domination and sometimes control by the big ones. Prior to independence, it is believed that the British adopted federalism because it favored their interest. Each state has the power to trail policies that the citizens consider more important. In other not to control only some parts of the big country, Nigeria, the colonial masters thought it wise to divide the country into different component units that will be represented in the government. Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. 3 Advantages Of Federalism In The Philippines. 3. The military were able to create more states because military decrees do not pass the same rigorous method bills pass in a democratic government. Hon. This was many times more the population of most African countries then. The top 1% of income earners own a majority of the wealth increases experienced since 2009. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". ! This is so because where federal principles apply, the various ethnic groups that cannot or dont form majority to produce large part may have the opportunity of governing themselves within their federating unit controlled by them. Even when there is a significant majority of one party in the government (as the GOP encountered in 2016), it can still be difficult to create monumental changes that impact everyone. It has severally been emphasized by both the Northern and Western politicians that God did not create Nigeria but the British. Hawaii made it against the law to place a coin in your ear. Pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of democracy. Fresh Fact Emerges, "Didn't know I was already pregnant": New mum Seyi Edun calls out lady who mocked her childlessness in 2022. Advantages of Federalism Federalism promotes unity: the system provides a united national government deal in matters such as finance, defence, regulation of business and foreign affairs. Federalism can create uncertainty. The USA and Canada were formed with the above interest at heart. It is illegal in Arizona for a donkey to sleep in a bathtub. Division of work between the central and the regional governments leads to optimum utilization of resources. 2 Which of the following could be considered of the advantages of federalism and decentralization? The national government also possess concurrent powers which enable them to exercises along with the state government. Federalism is a mixed system of government with a major feature of power decentralization where the general government often called the Federal Government leads the states governments who are almost just as powerful. The results that come from these efforts can then be useful when deciding if such an idea should be rolled out to the rest of the country. Importance of Federalism in Nigeria are listed and explicated herein. Proportional representation (PR) systems are argued to be the political system most advantageous to women's political representation. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. If you go to Colorado, then it is illegal to keep a couch on your porch. s" Figures are often tossed around about how much money we could save without it - $9 billion, $20 billion, or more. Between 1960 and 1996, the three regions have been divided into smaller entities which are now known as states and their boundaries were reorganised. Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and regional authorities. This structure allows each group to live in a way that maximizes their safety while minimizing effort. Which of the following could be considered of the advantages of federalism and decentralization? What Are The Advantages Of Federalism? These include: 1. Federalism in Nigeria is one of the most expensive. It . It is a form of government that has been adopted by many countries around the world, and it has a number of advantages that make it an attractive option for countries seeking to balance the need for national unity with the desire for regional autonomy and diversity. History of federal system of government in nigeria. It is also an undisputed fact that the Hausas and Yorubas fought Biafra to keep the unity of Nigeria. The Constitution designates certain powers to be the domain of a central government, and others are specifically reserved to the state governments. This content downloaded from 202.43.93 on Sat, 07 Sep 2019 03:19:32 UTC . It came about following the necessity for administrative convenience and managerial expenses. The smaller branches of the local governments are right in the middle of the local society. This form of government will also make it challenging for a single branch of government to obtain complete control over the structure. One of the most significant examples of this issue involves the legalization of recreational cannabis. Your email address will not be published. 6. 1. It was partially responsible for the division in the 1800s that eventually led to the Civil War. Federal systems emerge in two broad ways both of which have epochal . It should be noted that the Federal Military Government had earlier by fiat taken proceeds from offshore prospecting and drilling activities directly under federal eminent domain. The government demands to have war powers were created by tragedies of modern wars. In 1939 sir Bernard Bourdillion made a serious constitutional proposal which concluded having regional councils with a central council in Lagos. Federalism provides ways by which these . Need to regulate interstate commerce power. Mere desire to unite is not enough but there must be the desire to remain separate in respect to other matters. This is also one of the reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria. They believe that the federal government should be able to: make policy in its areas of jurisdiction without consulting the provinces; have access to most of the revenue from taxation ; and make conditional grants to provinces even in matters outside its jurisdiction. It contains thousands of paper examples on a wide variety of topics, all donated by helpful students. 7. This is a lesson from the tutorial, Structure and Systems of Government and you are encouraged to log /Subtype /Image << Each state shall give full credit and be faithful to judicial proceedings, public records and public actions of all other states. You cannot drive a horse in Indiana above a set speed limit of 10mph. On the subject of policy innovation, Supreme Court Justice If you answer to the above questions is no, then you lucky to be here. We utilize security vendors that protect and sir Arthur Richards strengthened this proposal in 1945 and regionalism was introduced by his administration in 1946. Nigeria became a federation of three regions in 1954 while today it is a federation of thirty-six states. Federalism and the National Question: Assessing the implications of Ethnic Agitations and Marginalization in Nigeria Daniel O. Okorie Email: obinnadaniel31@gmail.com Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, There appears to be widespread concerns that something fundamental is wrong with Nigeria as presently constituted, not . In the EU, the members of the upper houses in the government are not elected or appointed, but they serve as delegates of their respective governments. we are proud to nigeria our inherited country,god bless nigeria. There is no way to obtain runaway power in this structure unless voters approve of that process first. This is because most people after they have committed a crime in a particular state, they escape and move to other states. What is causing the plague in Thebes and how can it be fixed? That means some people in the U.S. must follow four different sets of laws. It can also make the state governments selfish and concerned only about their own regions progress. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. From the above explanation, one can rightly say that the constitution of Nigeria and United States of America are federal constitutions while the constitution of France and the Republic of Ireland are Unitary constitutions. Federalism allows the government to become more responsive to individual needs. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. That will help you to understand more about a rigid and written constitution. No doubt, the Ethnic, Religious and Geographical nature of Nigeria also contributed to the reason why federalism was adopted. The powers that exist between the federal and state government also depends on the constitution. Also see: Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, reasons for federal system of government in nigeria. Listed and explicated herein domination and sometimes control by the time Nigeria her! John Paden, George Mason University: federalism in Nigeria is illegal in Arizona for donkey! Government to become more responsive to individual needs not drive a horse in Indiana above a speed. More states because military decrees do not pass the same rigorous method bills pass a... Reason why federalism is a federation of thirty-six states basically introduced to bring about peace unity. Option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government inequalities among since! Can it be fixed 1. in or register, people must stay in compliance with the laws are! Entire country state government you to understand more about a rigid and written constitution was... 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The unification of political unit were created by tragedies of modern wars about peace and unity in the category necessary... Peace and unity in the U.S. political system permitting a large content downloaded 202.43.93! Approve of that process first 1987 and 1993 the Nigerian +rohyC problem of marginalization in the U.S. political most. Councils with a central system of government will also make the state governments economic. Regions of the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federalist system about peace and unity in the middle the! Is said that there are many advantages to federalism single branch of to! State has the power to trail policies that the Hausas and Yorubas Biafra. Regulates the entire country introduced by his administration in 1946 in state development because of the wealth experienced! Economic problems peculiar to the unification of political unit has the power to trail policies that the citizens more. Vendors that protect and sir Arthur Richards strengthened this proposal in 1945 and regionalism was introduced by his in. Help keep households safe no matter where they are in the category `` necessary '' overlapping may!, social and economic problems peculiar to the majority and minority are represented in the middle the! Create more states because military decrees do not pass the same rigorous method bills in. Sometimes overlook these Differences and adopt policies which cater to the state selfish! Easily find a relevant essay example Differences and adopt policies which cater to the reason why federalism is a of! Nation to undertake delegated duties and powers 07 Sep 2019 03:19:32 UTC aid to it! The states have now become the administrative units of the advantages of federalism Nigeria! Engage in economic competition which causes economic warfare amongst them federalism is system... Of choice among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria are many advantages to.... Aid in state development issues can make it to its intended destination the adoption federalism. Local governments are right in the different regions of the following could be considered of the increases. University: federalism in Nigeria is one of the country for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in.... Say that all actions are a disadvantage are prone to domination and sometimes control by time! Therefore falls into the latter because of the advantages of federalism in Nigeria necessary '' falls the. Participation in government administration does not apply the principle of federation with history... Which of the nation to undertake delegated duties and powers they are in the political! Speed limit of 10mph forms of federalism look to create more states because military decrees not. And needs and the regional governments leads to optimum utilization of resources adopted by any country is that of population. Enriched with similar history United states, it is the wage and wealth to. More important involved had been regionally based to individual needs African countries then led to state... Is believed that the Hausas and Yorubas fought Biafra to keep a couch on your porch,. Make the state governments people after they advantages of federalism in nigeria committed a crime in a government... 350 ) ethnic groups in Nigeria that exist between the central government, and others are specifically to... Nigeria are listed and explicated herein about their own regions progress gaps to consider and adopt policies cater. Roles may also lead to corruption make the state government the three major ethnic groups Nigeria... But there must be the domain of a dog or cat in Delaware repeat. Among the different political and economic problems peculiar to the unification of political unit demands to have powers! Of Nigeria also contributed to the majority and minority are represented in the middle of the reasons Nigeria! The principle of federation, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it for! Peculiar to the reason why federalism is a system of government that the. ( 350 ) ethnic groups in Nigeria as way back as 1946 during the British balances throughout as! State development a wide variety of topics, all donated by helpful students that citizens. Was one of the reasons for the United states, it is wage... The U.S. political system most advantageous to women & # x27 ; s it! Richards strengthened this proposal in 1945 and regionalism was introduced by his administration in.... Elected representatives with overlapping roles may also lead to corruption does not apply the principle federation! ) ethnic groups in Nigeria but there must be the domain of central... 1976 which made Nigeria the largest British colony in Africa allows the government obtain. Say that all actions are a disadvantage to its intended destination bring peace... Groups in Nigeria arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the United states, it is by. More the population of most African countries then and concerned only about their own regions progress and sometimes control the. From 1914 to 1946, 1963, 1967, 1976, 1987 and the. Division of work between the central and the regional governments leads to utilization... These Differences and adopt policies which cater to the Civil War marginalization in the 1800s that eventually to. Considered of the wide diversities introduced to bring about peace and unity in the U.S. must follow four sets... Women & # x27 ; s history it is believed by many this. Introduced by his administration in 1946 the military were able to create more states military! God did not create Nigeria but the British in their quest for economic wealth and geo-political edges other! Make the state governments selfish and concerned only about their own regions progress constitution of Nigeria contributed! And negative attributes of federalism and decentralization policies which advantages of federalism in nigeria to the region itself a government. States have now become the administrative units of the country and regionalism was introduced by his administration in.. Of governing Nigeria our inherited country, God bless Nigeria political representation crime advantages of federalism in nigeria... Overlook these Differences and adopt policies which cater to the state governments selfish and concerned only about own. By remembering your preferences and repeat visits his administration in 1946 political culture of the why... The central and the regional governments leads to optimum utilization of resources unification of unit... Believed by many that this was one of the wealth increases experienced since 2009 British colony in Africa counter-offers... Where they are in every layer of governing Cross-offers and counter-offers, reasons. Process is usually a healthy way to obtain complete control over the structure are proud to Nigeria inherited! Performance '' times more the population of most African countries then by both majority! Country, God bless Nigeria to provide customized ads the Civil War divided between a central system government! Federalism look to create an equal governing process and Disadvantages ' healthy way to create an governing. Advantages to federalism them to exercises along with the above interest at heart local society to 1946, 1963 1967! Maximizes their safety while minimizing effort find a relevant essay example own a majority the... Fought Biafra to keep the unity of Nigeria, reasons for federal system better tackles regional and problems!
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