Since then, for over 75 years, across 100 countries, World Relief has partnered with local churches and communities to develop sustainable, locally-driven solutions to some of our worlds greatest problems. Tell students that they will see an excerpt, called "From Sudan to the United States." National Council for Social Studies Curriculum Standards, Activity 2: Mapping the Migration of the Lost Boys, Activity 3: Cultural Identity of the Lost Boys. The Otoro recognized tribal boundaries defined by periodically renewed intertribal treaties. Photo courtesy of Patrick Noonan, WFP, South Sudan. Men and women usually live their separate lives where they socialize with members of the same sex. Additionally, highway blockades resulted in the halting of around 3,000 trucks, causing losses of up to USD2 . Most South Sudanese people share a cultural connection based on their common practice of Christianity, and the experience of struggle and liberation from North Sudan. The protesters are mostly young, reflecting the country's demographics, but people of all ages have been seen in the crowds. Newsroom| Sudan's traditional societies have diverse linguistic, ethnic, social, cultural, and religious characteristics. Washington, DC 20036, Careers| In such a case, of a double crisis of a lack of constitutional government alongside the commission of these crimes, the AU is entitled to intervene. February 23, 2023, What Climate Change Means for the Horn of Africa, With Michelle Gavin, Podcast Divorce was negotiated and settled by the families concerned. Sudan is a Northeast African country with varied geography featuring deserts, mountains, sea coasts, and more. The unrest in Sudan can be traced back to December 2018, when then President Bashir's government imposed emergency austerity measures to try to stave off economic collapse. Marriages between cousins are often preferred. overtones, an aspect dominant in the whole economic spectrum of the country. The agreement, called the Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan, included a new power-sharing structure and reinstated Machar as vice president. Moreover, the countrys two leadersKiir and Macharwere the primary instigators of rival factions in the civil war that began in 2013, and the peace between them is fragile. Because of the continual raids and wars between segments, a chieftainship, with the power to use force to maintain peace, was established. The Dinka are the largest ethnic group in southern Sudan. The resignation of Prime Minister Hamdok and growing public anger have deepened uncertainty in Sudan. Traditional cultures Because of Sudan's great cultural diversity, it is difficult to classify the traditional cultures of the various peoples. Although the Otoro were patrilineal, matrilineal ties were also important. They involve, first of all, a regional protection force, which is a beefed-up peacekeeping force consisting of troops from neighboring countries that would be mandated to be a lot more proactive and would be given the right equipment and to, in theory, go out on fairly aggressive patrols and other operations that could actually protect civilians who are under immediate threat from the warring parties. Members of known terrorist groups continue to be in Sudan and could pose a threat. A brideprice is paid by the groom to the brides family before marriage in exchange for their daughter. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. Traditionally, among the Otoro there were no political offices, only a special hereditary ritual officethat of chief of the Path, who acted as intermediary in peace negotiations between conflicting parties. Newsroom| More than two decades of civil unrest in the Sudan have cost the lives of about 1.5 million people and had a devastating effect on the well-being of the population. In small groups, have students use the MapMaker Interactive to create geo-tours of the Lost Boys' journey.Have small groups load the MapMaker Interactive. involved in different aspects of human capital). November 4, 2022 The council says it needs to be in charge to ensure order and security. The National Culture Policy is a timely and vital policy for peace-building and for the sustainable development of the Republic of South Sudan. South Sudans civil war is the result of a weakly institutionalized state and may require the African Unions intervention to find peace and stability, says expert Alex de Waal. She is passionate about equity and honor for underrepresented groups, both locally and internationally. In reaction to overwhelming violence against civilians in the civil war, the UN peacekeeping mission in the country (UNMISS) established large-scale camps meant to protect civilians from ongoing violence. The wide social and cultural diversity included in the Democratic Republic of the Sudan is graphically illustrated by a number of recently published or re-printed works. The Fur, for example, had a centralized political and administrative structure. "There is consensus amongst key stakeholders that while some progress has been made in implementing the Revitalised Agreement, critical elements involving security . What has the international response to the crisis been? A video of a young woman standing on the roof of a car and leading the chants was widely shared on social media. 3. Cuts to bread and fuel subsidies sparked demonstrations in the east over living standards and the anger spread to the capital, Khartoum. There were a few Qurnic schools among the Fur, in which elementary Arabic, arithmetic, and the Qurn were taught. Some popular beverages of Sudan are fruit juices, a drink called Hilumur made of corn flour and spices, Sudanese coffee, fruit, and herbal teas, etc. Stews generally have dried meat, peanut butter, spices, and dried onions as the ingredients. Locally, there was a descending hierarchy of hereditary fief stewards, village heads, and, lastly, heads of households. Sudans livestream massacre. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. Sudan has been in the midst of a political crisis since long-serving ruler Omar al-Bashir was overthrown in April. They have lost a lot of face and have been discredited. February 14, 2023 Introduce the film God Grew Tired of Us and the excerpt students will watch.Explain to students that the film documents the story of the Lost Boys of Sudan as they fled civil war, spent a decade growing up in a Kenyan refugee camp, and were eventually resettled in the United States. Within each tribe and at every level, there was a process of splitting, migration, and resettling that resulted in a continuous change of alliance among groups and individuals. Preteach or review vocabulary. Modern Sudanese literature emerged in the 16th and 17th centuries and was mainly written in Arabic or some local languages like the Fur language. First, that the political rivals could reconcile and resolve their differences. 1145 17th Street NW A formal signing ceremony is due to take place on 17 August. Extended families are more common in rural areas than in urban localities. Relief workers called them the Lost Boys after the characters in the J.M. This lesson targets the following skills: The resources are also available at the top of the page. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. Preferred marriage within the surra was with a parallel cousin. by Lindsay Maizland The Ministry of Culture, Museums and National Heritage Youth and Sports is cognizant that this premier Culture Policy is being rolled out at a critical time in our country's history, But the UNs biggest failing is politicala failure of the political leadership in 2013 to take steps that surely could have been taken to mitigate the political crisis as it erupted. In 1991 his forces were involved in a major massacre of Dinkas, the largest ethnic group in South Sudan. Under Tsar Nicholas II (reigned 1894-1917), the Russian Empire slowly industrialized amidst increased discontent and dissent among the lower classes. Annual Lecture on China: Frayed RelationsThe United States and China, Virtual Event This forced the junta to resume talks on a power-sharing government and an agreement has now been reached. with Ivan Kanapathy, Bonny Lin and Stephen S. Roach In 2014, the AU itself carried out an investigation into violations of human rights and international humanitarian law during the armed conflict. In other respects, a persons wealth and personality determined his successful bid for leadership. The cycle of public protests which started in 2018 appears to have no end with the army not being comfortable to share the power with civilians, far from the public demand of handing it over to civilians. Among the Humr Baqqrah, members of the smallest lineage (surra), together with their dependents, formed a single camp. Have a whole-class discussion about the needs of your community and what type of service would be most beneficial. Over the last several years, World Relief Sudan has become a trusted agency among the Sudanese people, other NGOs and the Sudanese government. While he did win election as president throughout his 30-year reign, Human Rights Watch calls those elections . For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. 210 KB. World Relief strictly prohibits and does not tolerate unlawful discrimination against employees on the basis of persons race, color, sex, national origin, age, disability, genetic information, or any other characteristic protected under applicable federal, state, or local law, which does not conflict with the protections afforded World Relief as a faith-based employer. Polygyny and leviratic marriages were practiced, and bridewealth payments established wider contact between social groups. Build background.Ask students if theyre familiar with Peter Pans Lost Boyscharacters in the J.M. Is this enough to spur compliance? The countrys sportsmen also excel in the field of athletics. A. J. Whiteman, THE GEOLOGY OF THE SUDAN REPUBLIC, (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1971) xiv, 290 pp., $25.75. However, reports of continued attacks and violations, coupled with the collapse of multiple previous peace deals, highlight concerns that the fragile peace may not hold. Power among the Humr Baqqrah stemmed from wealth and strength of personality. The protests broadened into demands for the removal of Mr Bashir - who had been in charge for 30 years - and his government. The initiative should be taken at the African level, particularly by the African Union. They had a valid case to argue, but to cut off the source of 98 percent of your revenue when you are very politically fragile is insaneabsolutely insane. Clan members intermarried with each other, although clan exogamy was formerly the rule. person who moves to a new country or region. Ask: What words would you use to describe American culture? Ironworkers were a despised class not allowed to intermarry with ordinary Fur. Then, ask students to construct a geo-tour of the different segments of the Lost Boys' journey using bookmarks, labels, drawing tools, and markers. what new things the Lost Boys experienced on the journey from Kenya to the U.S. Dinka homelands in southern Sudan to refugee camps in western Ethiopia, refugee camps in western Ethiopia, across the border into Sudan, and to Kakuma refugee camp in northwestern Kenya, explain who the Lost Boys of Sudan are and how they got that name, locate northern Sudan, southern Sudan, and the Dinka homeland on a world map, describe the experiences of the Lost Boys in Sudan and after they fled Sudan, map the routes the Lost Boys took on their migration journey from Sudan to the United States, map the routes the Lost Boys took within the United States, describe the challenges of displaced peoples, describe American culture in their own words, answer questions about the Lost Boys and cultural identity after watching videos, Tech Setup: 1 computer per classroom, Projector, Speakers. Paramilitary organisations and various Islamist militias hold some sway. South Sudan, a landlocked country in northeast Africa, is the youngest nation in the world. with James M. Lindsay and Michelle Gavin U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry has warned South Sudans leaders to carry out the terms of the peace deal or face sanctions and a loss of U.S. aid. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. The military and protesters have reached several agreements fleshing out the details of a power-sharing arrangement, with each side trying to overcome suspicion and build a working relationship. Talks between the ruling generals and the protest organisers, who have come together under the umbrella group Forces of Freedom and Change, initially showed little sign of progress, but they eventually came to an agreement. Show them the excerpts "Sense of Place and Community," "Cultural Differences," and "Responsibility and Leadership."3. Have students locate Sudan on the map.Ask students to locate Sudan on a wall map of the world. Mask-making, pottery, basket-weaving, etc., are some other skills of Sudanese craftsmen. person who flees their home, usually due to natural disaster or political upheaval. It was five times than in Uganda. Students summaries should include: This activity targets the following skills: The resources are also available at the top of the page. Harry and Meghan told to 'vacate' Frogmore Cottage, Fungus case forces Jack Daniels to halt construction, Rare Jurassic-era bug found at Arkansas Walmart, China and Belarus call for peace in Ukraine, Havana Syndrome unlikely to have hostile cause - US, Dozens of girls treated after new Iran poisonings, Fire knocks out half of Argentina's power grid. Ask: What physical aspects of Sudan contribute to civil unrest? The following discussion of three of those cultures merely suggests some rather prominent cultural patterns that are illustrative of the wide range present. National Geographic Headquarters The military and pro-democracy movement have been locked in a tussle for power that has led to mass protests and killings. Terms of Service| Distribute the worksheet and have students complete it.Distribute copies of the worksheet The Lost Boys Cultural Identity. Women are at the forefront of the demonstrations. Its not very encouraging that the existing troops have not been able to do that. But tens of thousands of protesters returned to the streets a few weeks later to stage the biggest demonstration since Mr Bashir's overthrow. The military and protesters have been negotiating over the country's future, President Omar al-Bashir was overthrown in a coup in April, There were celebrations when the 4 August deal was signed. Defying Sudan's generals: 'They cannot kill us all' Disruptions to the internet had left some people unaware of the two-day civil disobedience action but teachers turned out to protest near the . Only a few women in urban areas are part of the workforce but their numbers are increasing in the job market. by Diana Roy Backgrounder If possible, show students the full film, God Grew Tired of Us, during class time. Washington, DC 20036, Careers| A leader of the Nuer, the second largest ethnic group in South Sudan, he had split from the SPLM and fought against it for years during the civil war. The rights of the village were vested in its inhabitants jointly. Increasing intercommunal violence and attacks, the threatof the peace process unraveling, and dire humanitarian conditionsacross large swaths of South Sudan has placed renewed urgency on. Children are highly valued in Sudanese society. They were on our side. Arabic and English are the official languages of Sudan. And particularly in this instance, the South Sudanese combatant abuses have been overlooked for years and years, because they were the good guys [in the long civil war against northern Sudan forces]. Students summaries should include: Students map the migration journey of the Lost Boys and Girls. Some foods are, however, consumed widely like Kissra, a type of bread which is the staple of the Sudanese diet. Have students watch the excerpt and write about it.Show students the excerpt and have them list their questions about the video and its content as they watch. 1. What Languages Are Spoken in South Sudan? Have students complete it independently. Many first marriages, contracted to conform to the expectation of elders, ended in divorce, but in subsequent marriages partners could be freely chosen. Among the many projects to provide for the immediate needs of displaced people, the emergency response team is working to ensure that all people in displacement camps have a clean water source less than 1km from their temporary dwelling. This agreement was followed by a peace agreement to end the civil war signed by the government and Machars opposition party, along with several other rebel factions. Students watch excerpts from the film God Grew Tired of Us to learn about the Lost Boys of Sudan and the refugee experience, map the Lost Boys migration journey, and discuss the challenges the Lost Boys faced while adapting to life in the United States and trying to maintain their cultural identities as Dinka. Unlike many other African countries, Sudan has a vast repertoire of written literature with the oldest ones dating from 700 BCE and was written in the Meroitic script. 2022 World Relief | Privacy Policy | World Relief is a registered 501(c)3 nonprofit organization, Site Designed and Developed by 5by5 - A Change Agency, Crisis in Sudan: Responding to Violence and Empowering Women, Refugees, Immigrants, and Displaced People, The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), World Relief Baltimore Immigrant Services Office, 151,400 IDPs in Geneina (West Darfur) from Jan-April 2021, 65,000 newly displaced IDPs in April alone. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. The excerpt includes stories from the Kakuma refugee camp. The marriage was usually dissolved by the total refund of the bridewealth to the former husband. The cuisine of the country is as varied as the countrys geography and diverse ethnic communities. If there are, ask if any would be willing to visit your school and speak with students. January 19, 2023, Yemens Tragedy: War, Stalemate, and Suffering, Backgrounder Protestors targeted the regime of Sudan's longtime president, Omar al-Bashir, winning his ouster after three decades of rule on April 11, 2019. Students may respond with examples of cultural markers, such as music, food, fashion, language, or slang. Sudan is a Northeast African country with varied geography featuring deserts, mountains, sea coasts, and more. In late December 2013, the UN Security Council authorized a rapid deployment of about 6,000 security forces, in addition to 7,600 peacekeepers already in the country, to aid in nation-building efforts. Today, however, there are chiefs selected by the local government from among persons of local wealth and importance. In response, the government equipped and supported Arab militiaswhich came to be known as Janjaweed (also . The other teams included South Africa, Ethiopia, and Egypt. The other key provision in the Constitutive Act is for forcible intervention in the case of genocide, crimes against humanity, or war crimes. An abundance of water bodies in southern Sudan brings a variety of fishes to the Sudanese table in this region. Although official casualties are difficult to confirm, one April 2018 study estimated that nearly four hundred thousand people were killed during the five years of war, an additional nearly four million were internally displaced or fled the country. World Relief is a global Christian humanitarian organization whose mission is to empower the local church to serve the most vulnerable. 2023 BBC. When women are on these committees, they can better emphasize the protection of women and children at water access points. Though largely taking a back seat in mediation efforts run by the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) and neighboring countries, the United States and its international partners have an interest in ensuring a lasting settlement to the conflict in South Sudan, addressing the humanitarian crisis caused by the war, and preventing destabilizing regional spillover. As the conflict in West Darfur continues, women, girls, men and boys are all receiving effective emergency services from World Relief Sudan to mitigate their present challenges. Point out northern and southern Sudan. Global Climate Agreements: Successes and Failures, Backgrounder Explain to students that Sudan's second civil war was caused by conflicts between northern and southern Sudan over oil and religion. systems and contractual relationships with the. Among the Otoro there were patrilineal clans of various size. UNMISS began to scale back personnel at these civilian protection sites in Fall 2020 in favor of responding more flexibly to violence in the country, raising questions about the return of refugees and government provision of security across the country. The ruthless gold mercenaries who run Sudan, The warlord who may control Sudans future, Sudans livestream massacre. These three cultures are those of the Fur, Muslim Africans in the far western part of the country; the Humr tribe of the Baqqrah Arabs, of west-central Sudan; and the Otoro tribe of the Nuba, in east-central Sudan. Under their harsh rule, they have cracked down on womens rights and neglected basic services. The fighting led to 400 thousand deaths and drove four million from their homes and food sources. Have students add routes from New York City to those states. Tribalism is the state of being organized and advocating for a tribe. They will best know the preferred format. This series is made possible by a grant from the Carnegie Corporation of New York. Ethnic minority communities residing in the country include Fur, Nuba, Fallata, Beja, and others. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. A small community of Christians also live there. But the army is not a unified force in Sudan. The Lost Boys of Sudan are a group of Dinka youth who fled civil war in their native country, spent a decade growing up in a Kenyan refugee camp, and were eventually resettled in the United States. President Salva Kiirs big tent policy, which in practice meant using state funds to buy loyalties by licensing corruption, required a large income, which no longer existed. All rights reserved. The movement reached a climax on 6 April, when demonstrators occupied the square in front of the military's headquarters to demand that the army force the president out. What do you see as the next steps in South Sudan? In October 2021, the Sudanese National Chamber of Importers stated that the one month disruption at Port Sudan had cost up to USD65 million daily to the Sudanese economy, with over 900 containers stuck at the port. Demonstrators argued that Mr Bashir's regime was so deeply entrenched that it would take time to dismantle its political network and open the way for free and fair elections. Michelle Gavin, the Ralph Bunche senior fellow for Africa policy studies at the Council, sits down with James M. Lindsay to discuss the impact of climate change in the Horn of Africa. Geographic Headquarters the military and pro-democracy movement have been locked in a major massacre of Dinkas, largest! The same sex be most beneficial their numbers are increasing in the halting of around 3,000 trucks, losses. Families are more common in rural areas than in urban localities cultural, and Egypt into demands for removal! 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