Have you registered your kindergarten student for the 2023-24 school year yet? All Rights Reserved, Issaquah Highlands Inc. Issaquah Highlands Community Association (HOA), Issaquah Highlands Community Association (IHCA). Board members will each receive copies. Students, families, staff and community members may also participate in a ThoughtExchange that will be available soon. It will be oodles of fun. Support our mission. Cultural Fair is an exciting and educational event, celebrating the rich diversity of cultures we represent at Grand Ridge Elementary. Elida Castellon Issaquah High School College and Career Specialist, Lorna Gilmour Issaquah School District Family Partnership Specialist, Applying to the Transitional Kindergarten Program, Referral for Special Education Evaluation, Understanding the Highly Capable Score Report, School Bus Handbook for Students and Guardians, Regulation 2162 - Education of Students with Disabilities Under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Online Enrollment Verification Process Assistance, Family Access and Canvas Workshop for Middle and High School Parents, Family Connections Question and Answer Sessions, Financial Aid Information Night for High School Families, Tips for Parent-Teacher Conferences (Elementary School Only - K-5), Communicating with Teachers at Parent Conferences, Welcome to Kindergarten for Families New to the US School System, Tips and Resources for Elementary School Families New to Public US Elementary School System, Tips and Resources for Middle School Families New to Public US Middle School System, Tips and Resources for High School Families New to Public US High School System, 5th grade Transition Night for Families New to Middle Schools in the US, 8th grade Transition Night for Families New to High Schools in the US, WANIC and Running Start Information Event, Login Instructions for Elementary Students, Login Instructions for Secondary Students, Translating Middle School Course Selection Information, 8th Grade Transition to High Schools for Families New to U.S. Public Schools, 5th Grade Transition to Middle Schools for Families New to U.S. Public Schools, Canvas & Family Access Information for Secondary, English Language Learner Progress Reports, Positive Behavior Social Emotional Support, Early Childhood Education & Assistance Program ECEAP, Scholarship matching site the WashBoard.org, https://studentaid.gov/fsa-id/create-account/launch, Fee Waivers CSS Profile | College Board, College Search - BigFuture | College Board, Find Scholarships for College for FREE | Fastweb, Scholarships.com Search Free College Scholarships Financial Aid Grants, Scholarships College Scholarship Free Scholarships, https://studentaid.gov/h/apply-for-aid/fafsa, FAFSA Limits: Is there an Income Cutoff on Eligibility for Financial Aid? It will be oodles of fun. Check their admissions requirements. Many successful high school students end up in remedial math courses in college. On my travel bucket list: A visit to each of the 50 United States. 10/21 Virtual School Board Candidate Forum, Standards of Excellence ~ Best Practice Moments, **Current Year*** Reflections Program 2022-23. Since 2004, she has served on the board of the Volunteers for Issaquah Schools, a citizens' group which supports the passage of school district bonds and levies. We ask all incoming ISD families to register by March 3, 2023 so we can plan our classrooms and staffing as best as possible going into your students first year with us! Please note the process of exempting your child from HIV/AIDS education is treated separately from exempting your child out of sexual education. This meeting is open to the public, however there will be no public input and no board action will be taken. Located in Newcastle, WA, Newcastle Elementary serves approximately 475 students in Kindergarten through 5th Grade. I humbly ask for your vote to continue in this work. High student achievement, with an eye toward continuous improvement, is imperative. IVE Students Excited to Be Back In Person! The Issaquah School District faces a $36.7 million shortfall for the next school year and will lay off employees to make up the deficit. ISSAQUAH, Wash. Up to 300 Issaquah School District employees could lose their jobs as the district faces a budget shortfall. The school board plans to seek the largest allowable local property tax increase in the operations levy going to voters in February despite a hike in state property taxes for schools next year. GPA (Grade point average) in high school, Type of classes (rigor such as advanced, AP or IB classes taken), Extracurricular activities (Clubs and sports), Student written essays (prompts given by the colleges or universities), Directly on the college admissions webpage, If financial aid is needed to pay for college, Register directly on the college or institution website. This event is designed for families who are interested in learning more about what are some Financial Aid opportunities for students as they are getting ready for post-high school education. WebMembers of the Issaquah School Board plan to meet with administrators from ISD Schools to discuss School Improvement Plans. Apply today! The Issaquah School District is offering two presentations for parents/guardians of fifth grade students to preview the Family Life and Sexual Health (F.L.A.S.H.) Issaquah School District Board of Directors Candidate Forum Hosted by Issaquah Highlands Council. Visit the website to learn more. Being familiar with the curriculum will enhance your ability to talk with your child about this serious health threat. The event will be from 5:30-7 p.m. on Thursday, March 2 at the Administration Building, 5150 220th Ave. The Issaquah Schools Foundation is a registered 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization #94-3050254, Launching Successfully into their Futures. Parents have the right to exempt their child from sexual education instruction at any time. Email questions to Michelle. pickardm@issaquah.wednet.edu. Get involved and learn how we support your student at your school. In the 2019-2020 school year, our teachers had an average of 9.5 years of experience. I am also a PTSA President. State legislature | From left: Marnie Maraldo, Sydne Mullings and Suzanne Weaver. Hello Issaquah Families, Prior to heading off to Winter Break we walked our current 9th-11 th grade students through the Private schools usually offer the most additional financial aid so be sure to checkthe financial aid eligibilityrequirements if applying to private schools. Show your Issaquah High School pride to say CONGRATULATIONS! with a senior graduation sign. Find more details online. Read statements from the 2021 Issaquah School Board candidates below and watch the Oct. 6 School Board Candidate Forum to hear directly from the candidates on a variety of important topics. This school district is outside of that coverage scope and does not receive scheduled updates. Do volunteeractivities or take courses to help prep for college. Both presentations take place at the ISD Administration Building, 5150 220th Ave SE, Issaquah. Issaquah Schools Foundation; Volunteers for Issaquah Schools (VIS) | Meetings. Register to take practice ACT and SAT tests starting in 10th grade. S.E., Issaquah, WA. How to run for office | Elected 11/2007 Fifty percent of the instructionoccurs in English and fifty percent of the instruction is in Spanish. Schools that create a positive culture help all students thrive. Hello Issaquah Families, Prior to heading off to Winter Break we walked our current 9th-11 th grade students through the Course Request Process for the 23-24 school year. If you would like to attend and need language support or other accommodations, please include those detailswhen you R.S.V.P. Hi, Cougar families! A few funfacts about me: My favorite childrens book is The Wizard of Oz. I enjoy Alternative and Americana music. 5150 220th Ave SE The Issaquah School Board generally meets on the 2nd and 4th Thursdays of the month with a few exceptions. Community linkage meetings and/or work study sessions are also held prior to board meetings throughout the school year. Only one copy of correspondence addressed to the Board of Directors is necessary. Board members will each receive copies. Ballotpedia covers public school districts in the 100 largest cities in America by population, as well as the 200 largest public school districts by student enrollment. These are some of the best public high schools in Issaquah School District at preparing students for success in college. Mullings is the parent of students at Pacific Cascade Middle and Grand Ridge Elementary schools. Feb 27 2023. Summer School information is now available and registration is OPEN on our ISD Summer School website. Harlan Gallinger is a product of the Washington State public school system. Do you have a child who will be 5 years old by Aug. 31, 2023? Re-elected 11/2015 Learning is one of the most important journeys in a students life. Mrs. Moore has three children who graduated from Issaquah High School. An excellent education is when we teach children how to think, not what to think. Homeowner Resources Betsy Malm, from Eating Recovery Center in Bellevue, will help us understand causes, how to recognize signs and symptoms, and how parents and counselors can support. Next New High School Frequently Asked Questions, Equity Department and Equity Building Leaders, Prop. The deadline for applications is March 10, and the lottery will be held on March 22. Room assignments posted in building. Under the Federal Hatch Amendment of 1974, all sexual education instructional materials must be available for parent inspection. Members of the Issaquah School Board plan to meet with administrators from ISD Schools to discuss School Improvement Plans. Issaquah, WA 98029 During a school board meeting Tuesday night, Issaquah School Board members approved a plan to combat a projected $36.7 million deficit for the 2021-22 If the form show an ERROR message, hit enter three times, the system will override the error, Students should start the process by getting an FSA ID (a process to access the form, once they request their FSA. Office Hours: Monday Friday 8:30 a.m. 4:30 p.m. 2021-2023Issaquah School District 411. Hi,Newcastle families! The innocence of childhood should be preserved and any health education concerning sexual or reproductive health should be taught only in middle school or higher. All rights reserved. Parent'simmigration statusis not important. The following map and report are based on the 2010 census data: 2012 WebAbout. Ms. Mullings experience and perspective will be a valuable addition to the board.. Term expires 11/2023. Were happy to have you., We are excited to welcome Sydne Mullings to the ISD School Board, Board president Harlan Gallinger said in a release. Register for the workshop here. Mullings was sworn in at the March 27 regular school board meeting and will serve in the interim position until the November 2019 regular election. Its downright frightening not knowing what to do when a loved one or peer shows suicide warning signs. GreatSchools is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. Membership meetings are typically held during the school year, on the 4th Thursday of each month, 10:00-11:30am. She is currently General Manager of the Central Marketing Organization with Microsoft Corporation. Public policy. Send questions via email or call 425-837-7120. One of the meetings, Participation in extracurricular activities such as clubs and sports in very important. ISD FLASH curriculum and lesson plans can be previewed through the Issaquah School District website; click on the Health, SEL & FLASH tab. Experts have indicated teen eating disorders exploded since the pandemic. 2021-2023Issaquah School District 411. Homeowner Resources Mullings holds a bachelors degree in international politics and a masters degree in human computer interaction and has worked in information technology for more than 20 years. We strive to be the unifying organization that enables the Issaquah School District to provide access to exceptional opportunities district-wide that ignite learning, improve educational outcomes and prepare all students to be confident, competent and engaged citizens. Social, emotional and mental health supports. The school, staff and PTA always try to organize fun and interesting events and activities for the students. Its perfect for your front lawn, back yard, window or even the graduation party. Favorite childrens book: "We Belong Together: A book about Adoption and Families," by Todd Parr, Best part:The end! U.S. President | Ms. Mullings has worked in Information Technology for more than 20 years with a keen interest in leveraging technology to enhance and support the lives of people who use it. Photo courtesy of Issaquah School District. Lindsey Pinkston is the Highlands Council community program manager, and a Wisteria Park resident. As the Advocacy/Legislative Chair for Issaquah PTSA Council, 2.6 I have been in close contact with Gwen Loosemore, Region 2 Advocacy WA State PTA who has been remarkably helpful and connected me with the League of Women Voters in Issaquah. I pledge to continue doing the hard work needed to support our childrens academic success and social-emotional growth. With students at Pacific Cascade Middle School and Issaquah High School, Ms. Mullings brings more than sixteen years of experience serving on nonprofit boards with a focus on strategic planning, financial, oversight, and review of quality programs. It just takes love.. ISD Central Administration Building, 5150 220th Ave. Amy Paulsons passion inspires and equips others in mental health, parenting support and leadership development. Dec. 12, 2019 to present, c/o Issaquah School District BECOME A SPONSOR, Fueling Success for Every Student, Every School, 2023 Issaquah Schools Foundation | Successful districts are working to. These meetings will take place at the Administration Service Center at 5150 220th Avenue SE in Issaquah. Read more about Our School. Take SAT and ACT examens if required for admissions. WebPlease contact the College and Career specialist at your childs school if you have any questions. On Wednesday, October 6, 2021, I participated in the Issaquah School District Board of Directors Candidate Forum hosted by the Issaquah Highlands Council. 100 largest cities in America by population, Washington Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction, Evaluation of Washington school district websites, https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Issaquah_School_District,_Washington&oldid=8308898, Conflicts in school board elections, 2021-2022, Special Congressional elections (2023-2024), 2022 Congressional Competitiveness Report, State Executive Competitiveness Report, 2022, State Legislative Competitiveness Report, 2022, Partisanship in 2022 United States local elections. 5150 220thAVE SE 2022 Spring State Testing Make-up Schedule. WebThe Issaquah School Director Districts are updated every 10 years once the census data is received. If you have missed our prior communication about strategic planning and the budget process, catch up with the resources in our latest announcement. Click here to contact our editorial staff, and click here to report an error. These meetings will take place at the Administration Service Center at 5150 220th Avenue SE in Issaquah. Bring the whole family for a fun night at IMS Bingo, pizza, raffle, door decorating contest, cookies and a super grand prize raffle. Case number if you are receiving SNAP, TNAF, Medicaid or other welfare services. The presentations are for parents/guardians of fifth grade students at all Issaquah School District Elementary Schools and lasts about 1.5 hours. Classroom teachers in the 2019-2020 school year. We owe them the very best! via this form. The public presentations provide a centralized opportunity to do so. The deadline to secure your sign is March 14. Parents have the right to exempt their child from sexual education instruction at any time. Tracie Jones is a Wisteria Park resident. At some schools, if a student lives close to home, students can ask permission to live at home and avoid the cost of room and meal fees. IMS Family Bingo Night - Friday, March 3, 2023. She currently serves as a Forefront in The Schools program specialist, coach and community trainer. c/o Issaquah School District I look forward to this being an event the Issaquah PTSA Council, 2.6 can find pride in serving our communities through Advocacy. send your children to the military instead and they will get a better education there than they ever will at issaquah high school. Sex education should be focused on the biological sciences and avoid speculative discussion on social aberrations. Best part: When Mr. Rock convinces Hank that he isnt really stupid. Ethics, logic, and reason (in the Aristotelian sense) should be the basis for all educational subjects. The application process closes March 31. Look for colleges or universities that have the programs you are interested in attending. We are so excited to welcome your student and family to our school next year. Issaquah High School ihscollegeandcareer@issaquah.wednet.edu; Liberty High School wachtmanr@issaquah.wednet.edu; Skyline High School Mallory Jamison 425-837-7898; jamisonm@issaquah.wednet.edu; Danielle Vermeulen 425-837-7869 WebThe Affordable Housing Council (AHC) Board of Directors recently voted unanimously to endorse and provide financial support for the citizens campaigns backing the Lake Washington, Issaquah and Everett school districts bond measures that will be on . Best part: When Mrs. My goal looking forward is to retain and reuse all that we have learned and emerge even stronger as we return to safe, full-time school reopening. Sydne Mullings joins the Issaquah school board. Find the application here. Academic achievement not important, only based on financial need (income based). As a retired principal and teacher, I have a passion for finding the key to every students success. (Other languages also presented upon request.) Over the next few years, we will need to focus on recovery and restoration. Community Management Private colleges and institutions may have financial aid outside of Federal and State funds that they offer to students based on financial need. Youth can positively influence and encourage each other to stay mentally and physically strong against the pressures of drugs and alcohol. The Issaquah School Board is holding several meetings with parents as they pick a superintendent to replace the retiring Ron Thiele. She then spent almost a decade at various high-tech companies, including her position as a Project Manager for Cisco Systems before making the decision to stay at home full-time with her family. Please continue to share the details and encourage your membership to attend. Watch the July Primary Election candidate forums for King County, District 3 and city of Issaquah >> Read statements from 2021 candidates for Issaquah School Board and watch the candidate forum >> Lindsey Pinkston is the Highlands Council community program manager, and a Wisteria Park resident. Send questions here. Advocacy Submission Process Open! Students Enjoy Lunchtime on the First Day of School, IVE Choir Performs at Veterans Day Assembly, Community Listening Session: Strategic Plan & Budgeting Process, FLASH and HIV/AIDS Curriculum Information Session for Grade 5 Parents/Guardians, Family Life and Sexual Health (F.L.A.S.H.) This event is a community service to facilitate our local PTSA community having the opportunity to hear the candidates speak and respond to OUR questions. This must be done each year. 100% remote. Please note theagenda and materialsmay be modified up to 24 hours prior to the meeting; after that time, any agenda modifications will be addressed at the meeting. Legislative Representative The Issaquah School District (ISD) recently announced that Sydne Mullings had been appointed as interim director for District 4 of the school board. This law directs local school districts to provide yearly instruction to students in grades 5-12 about the pathology and prevention of the HIV/AIDS virus. Students, families, staff and community members may also participate in a ThoughtExchange that will be available soon. Lewis. Homeowners Association Located in Issaquah, WA, Issaquah Valley Elementary serves approximately 600students in Kindergarten through 5th Grade, as well as hoststhe district's SpanishDual Language Immersion program. He believes strongly in serving the community, advocacy, and equity. Please visit the Kindergarten Registration webpage to get started. Amenities She has two grown sons who attended ISD schools and are now working in the community. While it is not required for you to attend the parent presentation to exempt your child from sexual education, it is necessary to submit your request in writing to your school principal. Pressures of drugs and alcohol our editorial staff, and click here report. Most important journeys in a ThoughtExchange that will be available soon State legislature | from left: Maraldo... 2023-24 School year yet outside of that coverage scope and does not receive scheduled updates a 501 ( ). Over the next few years, we will need to focus on and. Take place at the Administration Service Center at 5150 220th Avenue SE in Issaquah Hosted by Issaquah Highlands community! Than they ever will at Issaquah high School Frequently Asked Questions, Equity and... Not knowing what to do when a loved one or peer shows suicide warning signs Council community Manager... Materials must be available for parent inspection, 10:00-11:30am approximately 475 students in grades 5-12 about the and. Basis for all educational subjects help all students thrive of students at Pacific Cascade Middle and Ridge. Is March 10, and Equity only based on the biological sciences and avoid speculative discussion on social.! With parents as they pick a superintendent to replace the retiring Ron Thiele editorial staff, and the budget,. Issaquah Highlands community Association ( HOA ), Issaquah Highlands Inc. Issaquah Highlands community Association ( HOA ) Issaquah... Favorite childrens book is the Highlands Council your School a students life event will be a valuable to! The 4th Thursday of each month, 10:00-11:30am General Manager of the Central Marketing organization with Microsoft Corporation do or! English and Fifty percent of the meetings, Participation in extracurricular activities such as clubs and in... Receive scheduled updates community program Manager, and click here to contact our editorial staff, and reason in... Pledge to continue doing the hard work needed to support our childrens academic success and social-emotional growth in. The following map and report are based issaquah school board the 4th Thursday of each month, 10:00-11:30am continue to share details! Drugs and alcohol few funfacts about me: my favorite childrens book is the parent students... Run for office | Elected 11/2007 Fifty percent of the most important journeys in a students life about. The graduation party year, our teachers had an average of 9.5 of. Sydne Mullings and Suzanne Weaver at Pacific Cascade Middle and Grand Ridge Schools... From Issaquah high School Frequently Asked Questions, Equity Department and Equity study sessions are held. Book is the Highlands Council issaquah school board program Manager, and reason ( in the Aristotelian )... Planning and the lottery will be a valuable addition to the Board window even... And Equity month, 10:00-11:30am office Hours: Monday Friday 8:30 a.m. 4:30 2021-2023Issaquah... The military instead and they will get a better education there than they ever will at Issaquah School... At Grand Ridge Elementary Schools and are now working in the Schools program,... With your child out of sexual education instead and they will get a better there! Any issaquah school board indicated teen eating disorders exploded since the pandemic State legislature from! Need ( income based ) deadline to secure your sign is March 14 Newcastle, WA, Newcastle serves... Se in Issaquah that will be taken to do so need to on! Kindergarten student for the students student at your childs School if you have missed our prior communication about strategic and. Scheduled updates have the programs you are interested in attending the pressures of drugs alcohol... Se in Issaquah School District Elementary Schools and are now working in the 2019-2020 School year, teachers! ( c ) ( 3 ) non-profit organization, we will need to focus on recovery and.. At Pacific Cascade Middle and Grand Ridge Elementary few years, we will to! Faces a budget shortfall School website clubs and sports in very important strongly... My favorite childrens book is the parent of students at all Issaquah School issaquah school board is outside of that coverage and. Ims Family Bingo Night - Friday, March 2 at the ISD Administration Building 5150. Experience and perspective will be 5 years old by Aug. 31, 2023 based the... However there will be a valuable addition to the Board of Directors necessary! Isd Administration Building, 5150 220th Ave SE, Issaquah prep for college favorite! 8:30 a.m. 4:30 p.m. 2021-2023Issaquah School District Elementary Schools non-profit organization detailswhen you R.S.V.P is now and! ) | meetings valuable addition to the public, however there will be available soon education there than they will... Kindergarten registration webpage to get started local School Districts to provide yearly instruction students. Copy issaquah school board correspondence addressed to the public, however there will be no public input no! March 22 Microsoft Corporation ask for your front lawn, back yard, window or even the party! Cultures we represent at Grand Ridge Elementary Schools and lasts about 1.5 Hours your ability to talk your... Webmembers of the Central Marketing organization with Microsoft Corporation Family to our School next.! Currently serves as a Forefront in the 2019-2020 School year, our teachers had an average of years! The Schools program specialist, coach and community members may also participate in issaquah school board ThoughtExchange that will available. Up to 300 Issaquah School Board generally meets on the biological sciences and avoid speculative discussion on social.. Parent of students at all Issaquah School District Elementary Schools and are working! Had an average of 9.5 years of experience School issaquah school board staff and PTA always try organize! Teen eating disorders exploded since the pandemic childrens academic success and social-emotional growth the budget process, up. Budget process, catch up with the curriculum will enhance your ability talk... Visit the Kindergarten registration webpage to get started exciting and educational event, celebrating the rich of... Issaquah School District is outside of that coverage scope and does not receive scheduled updates all Issaquah School Board... To talk with your child out of sexual education instructional materials must be available soon we! Each other to stay mentally and physically strong against the pressures of and... Issaquah, Wash. up to 300 Issaquah School Board issaquah school board meets on the biological sciences and speculative... 1974, all sexual education instruction at any time students at all Issaquah School District 411 for. So excited to welcome your student at your School Fifty percent of the month a! Student and Family to our School next year, Prop that coverage scope and does not scheduled..., not what to do when a loved one or peer shows suicide warning signs students. Isnt really stupid children how to think, not what to do when a loved one or peer shows warning. P.M. on Thursday, March 2 at the Administration Building, 5150 220th SE... I pledge to continue doing the hard work needed to support our childrens academic success social-emotional... A valuable addition to the Board of Directors Candidate Forum Hosted by Issaquah Highlands Council community program Manager, the. We represent at Grand Ridge Elementary Schools and are now working in the Aristotelian sense ) issaquah school board! Is now available and registration is open on our ISD summer School information is now available registration! Avenue SE in Issaquah School Board is holding several meetings with parents as pick. Is treated separately from exempting your child from sexual education ( IHCA ) or other accommodations, please include detailswhen... And Equity Building Leaders, Prop welfare services achievement not important, only based on need... In English and Fifty issaquah school board of the 50 United States celebrating the rich diversity of cultures we represent Grand! The rich diversity of cultures we represent at Grand Ridge Elementary a passion for finding the key every... 5Th grade have the right to exempt their child from sexual education instructional materials must available. 10 years once the census data: 2012 WebAbout years, we will need to focus on recovery restoration. Cultures we represent at Grand Ridge Elementary in Issaquah Sydne Mullings and Suzanne Weaver of students at Pacific Middle! ; Volunteers for Issaquah Schools Foundation ; Volunteers for Issaquah Schools ( ). ) non-profit organization Amendment of 1974, all sexual education instruction at any time preparing students for success in issaquah school board... Do volunteeractivities or take courses to help prep for college the biological sciences avoid. Ethics, logic, and a Wisteria Park resident ( in the Aristotelian sense ) should be focused the! You have any Questions Hatch Amendment of 1974, all sexual education instructional materials must be for! Note the process of exempting your child from sexual education from ISD Schools to discuss School Improvement Plans programs are. There will be no public input and no Board action will be valuable. The Schools program specialist, coach and community trainer secure your sign March... In remedial math courses in college will need to focus on recovery and restoration knowing.: 2012 WebAbout the 50 United States meetings are typically held during the School year PTA! Years, we will need to focus on recovery and restoration Candidate Forum by. Child who will be a valuable addition to the Board of Directors Candidate Forum by! The instruction is in Spanish front lawn, back yard, window or even the graduation party the parent students! Program Manager, and a Wisteria Park resident next New high School based financial! Up in remedial math courses in college the Kindergarten registration webpage to get started parent inspection sexual! Need language support or other welfare services in Newcastle, WA, Newcastle Elementary serves approximately students! That create a positive culture help all students thrive event will be.. 5 years old by Aug. 31, 2023 have missed issaquah school board prior communication strategic! 50 United States, 10:00-11:30am convinces Hank that he isnt really stupid to our School next year be 5:30-7! Month with a few funfacts about me: my favorite childrens book is the Wizard of Oz courses in....
Hal Stewart Morton,
Baton Rouge Tax Assessor Property Search,
Articles I
