During this period Hickok prevented a man from beating an 11-year-old boy, who grew up to become Buffalo Bill Cody, Hickoks longtime friend. It was the last word on a true child of one of the wildest women of the west. Jan MacKell Collins is the author of numerous books about the Old West, the latest isLost Ghost Towns of Teller County. Michelle Renes novel, Hour Glass, is a moving, revealing picture of the legendary Calamity Jane., A bar in Hays City, Kansas, on July 17, 1870. [36][37], In December 1867, newspapers reported that Hickok had come to stay in Hays City, Kansas. Tutt reached for his pistol but Hickok was the first to draw his weapon, and shot Tutt instantly, from approximately 75 yards. 2 Army revolver, a five-shot, single-action, .32-caliber weapon, innovative as one of the first metallic cartridge firearms and favored by many Union officers during the Civil War. She said she was the daughter of Jane and Wild Bill Hickok, and was born in a cabin near Livingston, Montana in 1873. Calamity Jane is reputed to have led a mob that threatened McCall with lynching, but at the time of Hickok's death, Jane was actually being held by military authorities. Few could help her verify the truth, and Jean McCormick was of little help. He afterward resumed using his given name, James Hickok. Hickok and Brinks were charged with murder but found not guilty. Then in 1996, a second daughter was revealed. [20], On July 12, 1861, David McCanles went to the Rock Creek Station office to demand an overdue property payment from Horace Wellman, the station manager. This was claimed after he was killed during a poker game on Aug. 2, 1876. Hickok left his new bride a few months later, joining Charlie Utter's wagon train to seek his fortune in the gold fields of South Dakota. He drove freight wagons and coaches. Four of the men on the self-appointed committee who planned Calamity's funeral (Albert Malter, Frank Ankeney, Jim Carson, and Anson Higby) later stated that, since Hickok had "absolutely no use" for Jane in this life, they decided to play a posthumous joke on him by laying her to rest by his side. [citation needed], On August 1, 1876, Hickok was playing poker at Nuttal & Mann's Saloon No. Overall, it was reported that Hickok had killed over 100 men during his lifetime. [34]:34 The show featured six buffalo, a bear, and a monkey, and one show ended in disaster when a buffalo refused to act, prompting Hickok to fire a bullet into the sky. Funeral services will be held at Charlie Utter's Camp, on Thursday afternoon, August 3, 1876, at 3 o'clock P. M. All are respectfully invited to attend. It ends with Hickok surviving the murder attempt due to wearing body armor and being shot in the back, then secretly leaving for a ranch in California. "George Ward Nichols and the Legend of Wild Bill Hickok. He replaced Tom "Bear River" Smith, who had been killed while serving an arrest warrant on November 2, 1870. "Wild Bill. Less than a month after Hickok's death, the trial was found to have no legal status because Deadwood was located in Indian Territory - McCall's acquittal was deemed invalid. McCormick had a lot of written proof too, which was largely believed by those who met her. Hardin alleged that when his cousin, Mannen Clements, was jailed for the killing of two cowhands (Joe and Dolph Shadden) in July 1871, Hickokat Hardin's requestarranged for his escape. At the end of the trial, Judge Sempronius H. Boyd told the jury they could not find Hickok acted in self-defense if he could have reasonably avoided the fight. Though no solid record exists, he is believed to have served as a Union spy in the Confederate Army before his discharge in 1865. Jessie and Jane were back together when they arrived in Billings, Montana in 1898. James Butler Hickok (May 27, 1837 August 2, 1876), better known as "Wild Bill" Hickok, was a folk hero of the American Old West known for his life on the frontier as a soldier, scout, lawman, cattle rustler, gunslinger, gambler, showman, and actor, and for his involvement in many famous gunfights. Hickok lost his re-election bid to his deputy. From William Alonzo and Polly Butler's marriage, they welcomed six children in total, and HIckon is the fourth among them all. One story claimed he killed a bear with his bare hands and a bowie knife. Hickok was arrested for murder, tried, and acquitted. [citation needed], Buffalo Bill claimed that he encountered Hickok disguised as a Confederate officer in Missouri in 1864. According to Joseph G. Rosa, Hickok's biographer and the foremost authority on Wild Bill, Hickok killed only six or seven men in gunfights. Astrological Sign: Gemini, Death Year: 1876, Death date: August 2, 1876, Death State: South Dakota, Death City: Deadwood, Death Country: United States, Article Title: Wild Bill Hickok Biography, Author: Biography.com Editors, Website Name: The Biography.com website, Url: https://www.biography.com/personality/wild-bill-hickok, Publisher: A&E Television Networks, Last Updated: July 28, 2020, Original Published Date: April 2, 2014. McLintock used a cane to tap the body, face, and head, finding no soft tissue anywhere. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In the HBO show Deadwood (2004-2006), Wild Bill is played by Keith Carradine. Nicholss version of the shootout in Harpers grabbed the publics attention, making Hickok an instant legend whose gunfighting prowess became fodder for dime novels. Prairie Schooners is a 1940 American Western film directed by Sam Nelson, which stars Wild Bill Elliott as Hickok. Did such wagons actually exist? There, again, he killed several men, including his deputy marshal, whose deaththe result of an accidental shootingled to Hickoks dismissal. [54], Charles Snyder, the Lucien Howe Librarian of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, said "Granular conjunctivitis, ophtalmia, trachomacall it what you willwas common on the Western Frontier. Hardin was in town under his assumed name Wesley Clemmons, but was better known to the townspeople by the alias "Little Arkansas". When Jane arrived in Deadwood, South Dakota in 1895, she told others that she needed money to enrol Jessie in a convent school at Sturgis. Hickoks growing reputation for fairness and courage earned him, in 1858, a position as a constable in Monticello, Kansas. The old cemetery was in an area that was better suited for the constant influx of new settlers to live on, so the remaining bodies there were eventually also moved up the hill to the Mount Moriah Cemetery (in the 1880s). [citation needed], From 1871 until his death in 1876, Hickok had vision problems. The bear then grabbed his arm in its mouth, but Hickok was able to grab his knife and slash its throat, killing it. From there the ONeils took the pair to the family home in Richmond, Virginia, and ultimately raised the Jean in Liverpool, England. Hickok saved Cody from getting beaten by another man and the two became longtime pals. On July 21, 1865, frontier legend Wild Bill Hickok gunned down gambler Davis Tutt in what is often called the first "Wild West" showdown. By the age of 17, he was an excellent marksman. William Austin, the cemetery caretaker, estimated 500lb (230kg). We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back. Hickok left home at age 17 and worked as a canal boat pilot in Utica, Illinois, before heading west in 1856 to Bleeding Kansas, which was embroiled in a violent conflict over whether slavery should be permitted there. A classmate later remembered the children teasing Jessie about her mother, throwing stones at her while shouting, Calamity Jane! Most newspapers referred to him as William Haycock until 1869. He was arrested while using the name Haycock in 1865. [25] The 1883 History of Greene County, Missouri described him as "by nature a ruffian a drunken, swaggering fellow, who delighted when 'on a spree' to frighten nervous men and timid women. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Wild-Bill-Hickok, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Wild Bill Hickok, Wild Bill Hickok - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Bonhams auction company offered this pistol at auction on November 18, 2013, in San Francisco, California,[75] described as Hickok's Smith & Wesson No. James Butler Hickok arrived in Springfield, Missouri . Outlaw John Wesley Hardin arrived in Abilene at the end of a cattle drive in early 1871. Wild Bill Hickok begins to establish his reputation as a gunfighter after he shoots three men during a shootout in Nebraska. "The Girl and the Gunfighter: A Newly Discovered Photograph of Wild Bill Hickok. In 1857, Hickok claimed a 160-acre (65ha) tract in Johnson County, Kansas, near present-day Lenexa. By 1942 Jessie had changed her story, perhaps at McCormicks urging. He told Clemmons (Hardin) to stay out of trouble in Abilene and asked him to hand over his guns, and Hardin complied. McCall was brought to trial the next day. There are many versions of the shootout that occurred at Rock Creek on July 12, 1861, shortly after the start of the Civil War, and all, in one way or another, contributed to Hickoks legend. Hickok encouraged McCall to quit the game until he could cover his losses and offered to give him money for breakfast. [52], In 1876, Hickok was diagnosed by a doctor in Kansas City, Missouri, with glaucoma and ophthalmia. At Castle City, Montana in 1893, when Jane was running a restaurant, she had with her the daughter of one of her soldier friends in Texas who probably was Jessie. Hickok, just a stable-hand at the time, killed the three men, despite being severely injured. The 10th Regiment arrived at Fort Lyon in Colorado in October and remained there for the rest of 1868. Take that!" Calamity Jane. A legend during his life and considered one of the American west's premier gunfighters James Butler (Wild Bill) Hickok was born May 27, 1837, in Troy . [46]:4558[48] A newspaper reported, "A man was killed in his bed at a hotel in Abilene, Monday night, by a desperado called 'Arkansas'. [9][41], The second killed by Hickok was Samuel Strawhun, a cowboy, who was causing a disturbance in a saloon at 1:00 am on September 27, when Hickok and Lanihan went to the scene. [60] McCall then entered the saloon, walked up behind Hickok, drew his Colt Model 1873 Single Action Army .45-caliber revolver, and shouted, "Damn you! The two men faced each other sideways for a duel. It was here that he supposedly became romantically linked to Martha Jane Canary, also known as "Calamity Jane," but most historians discount any such amorous relationship between the two. Hickok is known to have fatally shot six men and is suspected of having killed a seventh (McCanles). In June, Hickok mustered out and went to Springfield, where he gambled. A later film (1953) and subsequent stage musical, both titled Calamity Jane, also portray a romance between Calamity Jane and Hickok. In an 1871 account that changed his life, Hickok was reportedly involved in a shootout with saloon owner Phil Coe. The charge was later reduced to manslaughter. [57] The two possibly met for the first time after Jane was released from the guardhouse in Fort Laramie and joined the wagon train in which Hickok was traveling. All About History is part of Future plc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. On July 21, 1865, in a shootout in Springfield, Missouri, he killed David Tutt, a skillful gunfighter who had been flaunting the watch he won from Hickok in a poker game. [7] Photographs of Hickok appear to depict dark hair, but all contemporaneous descriptions affirm that it was red. [38], In July 1869, Hickok returned to Hays and was elected city marshal of Hays and sheriff of Ellis County, Kansas, in a special election held on August 23, 1869. There the familys small farm served as a stop on the Underground Railroad. A legend during his life and considered one of the American west's premier gunfighters, James Butler ("Wild Bill") Hickok was born May 27, 1837, in Troy Grove, Illinois. Brady, like Varnes, had disappeared from Deadwood and could not be found. It is believed that McCanles arrived at the station with his son, Monroe; his cousin, James Woods; and James Gordon, a man in his service. After shooting Coe, Hickok caught a glimpse of someone running toward him and quickly fired two more shots in reaction, accidentally shooting and killing Abilene Special Deputy Marshal Mike Williams, who was coming to his aid. What was the relationship between Wild Bill Hickok and Calamity Jane? [18] On March 22, 1858, he was elected one of the first four constables of Monticello Township. We drove on to Beatrice and at the trial, his plea was self-defense; no one appeared against him, and he was cleared. Born in Homer (later called Troy Grove), Illinois, James Butler Hickok . Wild Bill Hickok's iconic status is rooted in a shootout in July 1861 in what came to be known as the McCanles Massacre in Rock Creek, Nebraska. A highly fictional film account of Hickok's later years and death, titled Wild Bill (1995), stars Jeff Bridges as Hickok and David Arquette as Jack McCall, and was written and directed by Walter Hill. Wild Bill Hickoks legend only grew further when other stories about his fighting prowess surfaced. "Dead man's hand" was an established poker. Doc Holliday did have a bad cough, as suggested in this episode, from his tuberculosis. B. Hickock [sic] killed by the assassin Jack McCall in Deadwood, Black Hills, August 2, 1876. [51], Hickok was relieved of his duties as marshal less than two months after the accidental shooting, this incident being only one of a series of questionable shootings and claims of misconduct during his career. He was one of the early heroes of the West popularized in the dime novels of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. After his August 1876 murder, she further claimed that they had been married and that he was the father of her child. He was released on $2,000 bail and stood trial on August 3, 1865. Wild Bill Hickok, byname of James Butler Hickok, (born May 27, 1837, Homer [now Troy Grove], Illinois, U.S.died August 2, 1876, Deadwood, Dakota Territory [now in South Dakota, U.S.]), American frontiersman, army scout, and lawman who helped bring order to the frontier West. "The Custer-Hickok Shootout in Hays City. Although McCall accepted the money, he was apparently insulted. During Wild Bill Hickok 's life he was many things such as, an actor, gambler, lawman, and a marksman specialists. On the afternoon of August 2, 1876, he was playing cards with his back to the door, something he seldom did. American folk hero and lawman (18371876), For the American football player and industrialist, see, Arapaho Joe and Colorado Charlie Utter at Hickok's grave, photograph date unknown, Pistols known to have been carried by Hickok. The identity of the fifth card (his "hole card") is also the subject of debate. [7], In 1873, Buffalo Bill Cody and Texas Jack Omohundro invited Hickok to join their troupe after their earlier success. Martha (her name wasnt even Jane) had several husbands and a daughter, Jessie, who died in Los Angeles in 1960. Later that year he became a teamster with the great freighting enterprise Russell, Majors and Waddell, creators of the Pony Express, for which he was too tall and heavy to be a rider. [59], The next day, Hickok was playing poker again. The couple had five children besides James Butler, three boys and two girls. Drawn to this ruffian lifestyle, he headed west at age 18 as a fugitive from justice, working as a stagecoach driver and later as a lawman in the frontier territories of Kansas and Nebraska. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. Site contains certain content that is owned A&E Television Networks, LLC. Hickok's retort is one of the West's most famous sayings (though possibly apocryphal): "Did the crow have a pistol? 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