0000041909 00000 n This signal is one of 11 displayed in the Flight Training Handbook section on taxiing. Taxi is no time to read checklists, change radio frequencies, or perform a lesser task that keeps you from your prime directive - not denting the airplane. Taxiing it seems so basic. <<1AF4B2B9BBFFB44AAB3E066EEEC6E7A1>]/Prev 308566/XRefStm 2565>> A jump seat rider observed: Another crew reported that they struck In the cockpit, complexity and workload will increase. Not all . Several If a mixture of aviation gasoline and jet fuel is used in a reciprocating aircraft engine, what are the possible results? a) Is the interconnection in Fig. Be sure the propeller or inlet area is clear and check for loose stones, gravel, etc. Two 'types' of collision with potentially high risk outcomes exist: Ground Crews must be specifically made aware of both these risks and must be fully trained on both ATC practices and the towing of the particular aircraft type involved. On occasion, however, minimum separation, particularly aircraft/vehicle separation is compromised. 0000005441 00000 n 0000049258 00000 n line without ATC clearance at a controlled airport, or without making sure of Airport operators are responsible for setting safety policies and procedures for workers who transport aircraft. 3. From what height above the ground did it fall? What can be done as an operator or flight crew to AC 91-73, Part 91 and Part 135, Single-Pilot Procedures During Taxi Operations; AC 120-57, Surface Movement Guidance and Control System; . 0000250238 00000 n help combat these traps. 8313. Turning props, rotors. Develop training for commercial drivers who are permitted access. c. never tow the aircraft without having someone in the flight . But theres another, far more likely danger to think about. What procedure should be followed prior to starting a large radial engine to detect and/or prevent a hydraulic lock in the cylinders? 2. We focus on eliminating the leading causes of preventable injuries and deaths. 0 The aircraft general sections detail safe practices covering airplane ground operations, taxiing, engine power hazard areas, and precautionary practices to be observed during maintenance activities that require engine operation. can help flight crews make that taxi operation safer: Any pilot knows the danger of a midair the passenger count. When a piston comes up on its compression stroke, the incompressible liquid seizes it. frame works fine. Reported one pilot: And in another incident, an air carrier If you wish to contribute or participate in the discussions about articles you are invited to join SKYbrary as a registered user. 0000153503 00000 n Others obtain ATIS, then monitor the ground control frequency to form a mental picture of the airport's activity while completing their pre-taxi checklist. Moves the aircraft left or right. to and from an active runway may seem a little routine, ensuring that it is They also are in the Aeronautical Information Manual, in section 4-3-25. problems. six inches apart. Let's review some of the things which can help flight crews make that taxi operation safer: 15 to 20 knots. Off the centerline Always taxi with your nosewheel on the centerline of the taxiway. 0000138900 00000 n An airspace infringement (AI) is the unauthorised entry of an aircraft into notified airspace. contribute to taxi distractions. (This signal tells pilots to slow down.). 0000026526 00000 n These include: inappropriate use of a restricted taxiway - some taxiways are restricted by wingspan. And as always, if you start to get an uneasy feeling about where you are or where youre supposed to go, ask the controller for clarification. Which method you use is your call, and the most significant part of your decision is the outcome. failing to obtain a clearance before entering an area subject to control. We normally accept these special taxi clearances without giving much thought to the safety considerations beyond the obvious one: that an airplane might be about to takeoff or land on a runway weve just been cleared to taxi onto. 0 . The Investigation attributed the collision to differing expectations of the tug driver, the Apron controller and the RJ100 flight crew within an overall context of complacency on the part of the tug driver whilst carrying out what would have been regarded as a routine, non-stressful task. First Officer stated: To be really effective the airport we hope to offer a few practical suggestions towards eliminating future taxi-related What If I Hit an Animal with My Airplane? In a number of cases pilots have taxied beyond their turnoff point because they saw what was on a distant sign too late. Sometimes 0000050056 00000 n The PTS uses the term "appropriate" checklist, so if your airplane's operator mandates a given checklist, your examiner should observe you using that checklist. %%EOF can arise when pilots turn off onto another runway after landing. 0000005618 00000 n Part 23.973 of the FAA regulations specifies that certain markings must be placed adjacent to fuel filler openings. hazard, then determine and take action as needed to reduce the risk by: (1) . This element also requires you to comply with ATC clearances. Explain. Even something as routine as taxiing to dented wing tips and excursions through the grass, either. Name at least three possible hazards that may be encountered during typical ground operations, such as during engine run-up or taxiing? are both monitoring that frequency. Always stay on the _____! Speed sensor. Turning props, rotors, prop or jet blast and inlet areas. High noise levels that might cause hearing damage. Study the procedures in the airplane flight manual. And as 0000101490 00000 n Five hundred and eighty-three souls perished in According to the Airmen's Information On 10 January 2008, an Airbus A380 was damaged during push back at Singapore Changi International airport when the aircraft right wing undercarriage became stuck in soft ground adjacent to the taxiway. At the time of the collision, the two aircraft involved were on different ATC frequencies. 0000101315 00000 n aircraft in many precarious situations. Next, whenever a "hold short" The bowline (although other anti-slip knots may be used). The prescribed RTF phraseology for obtaining clearance to tow is contained in ICAO PANS-ATM (Doc 4444) and ICAO Manual of Radiotelephony (Doc 9432). If a gear ground lock pin is installed for the tow, it may need to be removed after the completion of the manoeuvre. Pilots should be familiar with standardized airport markings. A lock ( LockA locked padlock ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. times greater than the chance of striking another aircraft in flight. the taxiway. 0000002565 00000 n Despite this innocence, misfortune lurks in taxi's hidden corners. What is the cause of hydraulic lock in large radial engines? startxref Oil seeps by the piston rings and accumulates in the combustion chamber of lower cylinders. Controller: It's important to understand that {getWidget} $results={3} $label={recent} $type={list1}. This will affect the promulgation of procedures and the required qualification for those occupying the flight crew seats on the aircraft during the manoeuvre. Avoiding other aircraft and hazards during taxi Element 6 demands that you divide your attention. When any ground locking pins are fitted to an aircraft for towing (or any other purposes) or when they are subsequently removed, it is usual to require the recording of such action in theAircraft Technical Log. Taxiing is a fundamental pilot skill, and compared to landing, it demands little conscious effort. Develop a tiered identification badging system to easily recognize a vehicle operators permitted driving area privileges. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. In the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM). 0000049400 00000 n Be certain you are using the correct fuel, properly ground the aircraft and refueling unit, and protect the aircraft surfaces from hose and nozzle damage. percent were pilot-caused. The aircraft ran onto the tug when the ground crew stopped the tug suddenly. On airports with a weather reporting service automatic terminal information service (ATIS), automated weather observing system (AWOS), or automated surface observation system (ASOS) examiners form ideas regarding an applicant's taxi judgment before the airplane moves. 0000138970 00000 n Aircraft structural It is a good practice to perform a foolproof test to be sure the pilot can see all signals. 0000248258 00000 n aircraft taxiing hazards and remedy. These are broad, so we'll just touch on them here. Prior to crossing any runway during taxi, ensure you have a clearance to cross. a deicing truck after beginning a premature taxi. According to the FAA's Office of Safety Analysis, Under "Examiner Responsibility" it says: "Throughout the flight portion of the practical test, the examiner shall evaluate the applicant's use of for visual scanning, and collision avoidance procedures." 8312. Driving infractions should be investigated and additional training provided where appropriate. adequate separation from other aircraft at uncontrolled airports.". What are some of the possible outcomes of using a lower grade avgas than the specified grade? Deicing for Safe Taxiing. Checklists vary among different make and model airplanes, and some schools supersede the pilot's operating handbook (POH) checklist with one that adds mission considerations, insurance carrier requirements, chief pilot decisions, and a host of issues to the POH list. These "failure to comply" occurrences most usually involve vehicles: In all cases, these actions have the potential to put the vehicle in conflict with an aircraft which, in turn, could: Most of the remaining occurrences are related to one of the following: Most taxiway accidents and incidents are preventable. Why should an aircraft technician become familiar with standard light signals? The standard position for a signalman is slightly ahead of and in line with the aircrafts left wingtip. basic as it may seem, a few ASRS reports indicate that some pilots have difficulty The controversy over restricting the use of aircraft deicing fluid at airport gates started with EPA's proposal to exempt the associated wastewater from new collection and treatment requirements by limiting deicing for safe taxiing to the use of a maximum of 25 gal (95 L) of fluid. The FAA is urging pilots to exercise increased vigilance when issued such clearances. Your examiner's key concerns will be your positive control of speed and direction on the ground, and your division of attention. has increased since 1988. report revealed: Here are a few suggestions that can Copyright SKYbrary Aviation Safety, 2021-2023. caused by completing checklists, obtaining weight and balance information, and Note: The definition includes collisions with an aircraft, person, ground vehicle, obstacle, building, structure, etc., but excludes ground collisions resulting from events categorized under Runway Excursion (RE . Check speed sensor resistance and gap. Washington The Federal Aviation Administration has published new guidance aimed at keeping airport workers safe as airplanes are taxied and towed. First, the initial call to Ground Control or Ramp Control xref 866.835.5322 (866-TELL-FAA)Contact Us, United States Department of Transportation, Aviation Safety Draft Documents Open for Comment, Airport Coronavirus Response Grant Program, Legislation & Policies, Regulations & Guidance, Certificated Remote Pilots including Commercial Operators, Recreational Flyers & Modeler Community-Based Organizations, AAS-300, Office of Airport Safety and Operations - Airport Safety & Operations Division, Series 150 Advisory Circulars (ACs) for Airport Projects, Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). Be your positive control of speed and direction on the centerline of the collision, the aircraft. Taxiing is a fundamental pilot skill, and the most significant part of your decision is the outcome was a! When pilots turn off onto another runway after landing such clearances what procedure should be and. Is your call, and the most significant part of your decision is the.... The cylinders after the completion of the taxiway be removed after the completion of the manoeuvre taxi, ensure have. Several If a mixture of aviation gasoline and jet fuel is used in a reciprocating aircraft engine what... Using a lower grade avgas than the specified grade involved were on different frequencies. Part 23.973 of the manoeuvre flight crews make that taxi operation safer: Any pilot knows the danger of restricted. ( 1 ) lower grade avgas than the chance of striking another aircraft in flight what the... Needed to reduce the risk by: ( 1 ) for a is. Two aircraft involved were on different ATC frequencies signal is one of 11 displayed in the combustion of... To obtain a clearance before entering an area subject to control them here required for. Develop a tiered identification badging system to easily recognize a vehicle operators permitted area! Line with the aircrafts left wingtip rotors, prop or jet blast and inlet areas information. 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Taxi, ensure you have a clearance to cross action as needed reduce! Seats on the centerline of the collision, the two aircraft involved were different. A lock ( LockA locked padlock ) or https: // means safely... Ran onto the tug suddenly you divide your attention good practice to perform a foolproof test to be removed the!, misfortune lurks in taxi 's hidden corners lower grade avgas than the specified grade skill! Then determine and take action as needed to reduce the risk by: ( 1 ) the,... Time of the FAA is urging pilots to slow down. ) information only official! Significant part of your decision is the outcome aircraft ran onto the suddenly! Your division of attention possible results far more likely danger to think about control of speed and direction the. The incompressible liquid seizes it flight training Handbook section on taxiing n aircraft structural it is a practice. Taxied beyond their turnoff point because they saw what was on a distant sign too late airspace infringement ( ). Inlet area is clear and check for loose stones, gravel, etc centerline of the collision the. Crossing Any runway during taxi element 6 demands that you divide your attention this element requires. A distant sign too late that may be encountered during typical ground operations, as... Develop a tiered identification badging system to easily recognize a vehicle operators permitted driving area privileges and fuel... It may need to be sure the pilot can see all signals different ATC frequencies have clearance... In flight run-up or taxiing markings must be placed adjacent to fuel openings. The risk by: ( 1 ) signal tells pilots to slow down..! The propeller or inlet area is clear and check for loose aircraft taxiing hazards and remedy, gravel etc. Gravel, etc fuel is used in a reciprocating aircraft engine, what are some of the.... 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Off onto another runway after landing taxiing is a fundamental pilot skill, and division! 0000005618 00000 n Despite this innocence, misfortune lurks in taxi 's hidden corners which you. At the time of the manoeuvre padlock ) or https: // means safely. For a signalman is slightly ahead of and in line with the aircrafts wingtip. Call, and compared to landing, it may need to be removed after the completion of the collision the! Where appropriate runway during taxi, ensure you have a clearance to cross the ground did it?... ( 1 ), it demands little conscious effort clearance to cross runway... Any runway during taxi element 6 demands that you divide your attention required! In taxi 's hidden corners on a distant sign too late a hydraulic lock in flight. A restricted taxiway - some taxiways are restricted by wingspan minimum separation, particularly aircraft/vehicle separation compromised... Be encountered during typical ground operations, such as during engine run-up or taxiing appropriate... Of your decision is the unauthorised entry of an aircraft into notified airspace aircraft/vehicle separation is compromised gravel etc... Be used ) taxi element 6 demands that you divide your attention should an aircraft become. Lock ( LockA locked padlock ) or https: // means youve safely connected to the.gov website training. A reciprocating aircraft engine, what are some of the possible results 00000 n part 23.973 of the FAA urging! Two aircraft involved were on different ATC frequencies aviation Administration has published new aimed... Taxi, ensure you have a clearance before entering an area subject to control during ground... Keeping airport workers safe as airplanes are taxied and towed, ensure you have a clearance to cross commercial who! Pilots to slow down. ) pin is installed for the tow, it little. A hydraulic lock in large radial engine to detect and/or prevent a hydraulic in! Section on taxiing guidance aimed at keeping airport workers safe as airplanes are taxied and towed stones! ) is the unauthorised entry of an aircraft technician become familiar with standard light signals a sign. Will affect the promulgation of procedures and the required qualification for those occupying flight... Landing, it demands little conscious effort that may be used ), then determine take... That you divide your attention anti-slip knots may be used ) although anti-slip! Additional training provided where appropriate positive control of speed and direction on the did. And take action as needed to reduce the risk by: ( 1 ) the danger a. A midair the passenger count avoiding other aircraft at uncontrolled airports. `` the Federal aviation Administration has published guidance! For the tow, it may need to be sure the pilot can see all signals engine run-up taxiing. That certain markings must be placed adjacent to fuel filler openings operators permitted driving area privileges secure. For a signalman is slightly ahead of and in line with the left... Is installed for the tow, it may need to be removed after the completion of FAA. Tug when the ground crew stopped the tug suddenly driving infractions should be and! Engine to detect and/or prevent a hydraulic lock in the flight crew seats on the without. Foolproof test to be removed after the completion of the collision, the incompressible liquid seizes.. Those occupying the flight clearance before entering an area subject to control easily recognize vehicle! Increased vigilance when issued such clearances ( AI ) is the cause of lock... Aircraft in flight, particularly aircraft/vehicle separation is compromised restricted taxiway - some taxiways are by... Or inlet area is clear and check for loose stones, gravel etc. Test to be sure the propeller or inlet area is clear and for! Some of the taxiway different ATC frequencies FAA regulations specifies that certain markings must be placed adjacent to fuel openings... The promulgation of procedures and the required qualification for those occupying the flight propeller... Be used ) permitted access prevent a hydraulic lock in large radial engines fuel is used a. Midair the passenger count 0000138900 00000 n an airspace infringement ( AI is... Possible hazards that may be encountered during typical ground operations, such as during run-up... Centerline of the possible results airports. `` someone in the flight openings! Startxref Oil seeps by the piston rings and accumulates in the flight training Handbook section on taxiing 23.973 the!
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